{
  "number": 59,
  "slug": "hashr",
  "name": "Al-Hashr",
  "arabicName": "الحشر",
  "meaning": "The Gathering · The Exile",
  "juz": 28,
  "period": "Madinan",
  "tagline": "FROM FORTIFIED WALLS TO THE OPEN HEART",
  "overview": "An account of exile gives way to questions of wealth, refuge and the promises people make. The chapter praises generosity toward displaced people, exposes support that disappears under pressure, and closes by turning every heart toward accountability, revelation and Allah’s beautiful names.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_59.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=2"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=6"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=10"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=18"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=21"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=59&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-hashr/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "632 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mahomet"
    },
    {
      "title": "Banu al-Nadir context · Bukhari 4882",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4882"
    },
    {
      "title": "The palms of al-Buwayrah · Bukhari 4884",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4884"
    },
    {
      "title": "An Ansari household’s hospitality · Bukhari 4889",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4889"
    },
    {
      "title": "Commentary on the opening · Ibn Kathir",
      "url": "https://quran.com/59:2/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "Related passage on kindness and justice · Quran 60:8–9",
      "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/060.htm"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ",
      "translation": "Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَخْرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُوا۟ ۖ وَظَنُّوٓا۟ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا۟ ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَٱعْتَبِرُوا۟ يَٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَبْصَٰرِ",
      "translation": "It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "وَلَوْلَآ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْجَلَآءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِى ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ",
      "translation": "And if not that Allah had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in [this] world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ ۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ",
      "translation": "That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah - then indeed, Allah is severe in penalty."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ",
      "translation": "Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍۢ وَلَا رِكَابٍۢ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "And what Allah restored [of property] to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels, but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَىْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةًۢ بَيْنَ ٱلْأَغْنِيَآءِ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمْ عَنْهُ فَٱنتَهُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ",
      "translation": "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "لِلْفُقَرَآءِ ٱلْمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا۟ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمْ وَأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنًۭا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ",
      "translation": "For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِى صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةًۭ مِّمَّآ أُوتُوا۟ وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌۭ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ",
      "translation": "And [also for] those who were settled in al-Madinah and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو مِنۢ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَٰنِنَا ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّۭا لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌ",
      "translation": "And [there is a share for] those who came after them, saying, \"Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "۞ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا۟ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًۭا وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَٰذِبُونَ",
      "translation": "Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, \"If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone - ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you.\" But Allah testifies that they are liars."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "لَئِنْ أُخْرِجُوا۟ لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُوا۟ لَا يَنصُرُونَهُمْ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلْأَدْبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ",
      "translation": "If they are expelled, they will not leave with them, and if they are fought, they will not aid them. And [even] if they should aid them, they will surely turn their backs; then [thereafter] they will not be aided."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "لَأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةًۭ فِى صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌۭ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَ",
      "translation": "You [believers] are more fearful within their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "لَا يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِى قُرًۭى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ جُدُرٍۭ ۚ بَأْسُهُم بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌۭ ۚ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًۭا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّىٰ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌۭ لَّا يَعْقِلُونَ",
      "translation": "They will not fight you all except within fortified cities or from behind walls. Their violence among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse. That is because they are a people who do not reason."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيبًۭا ۖ ذَاقُوا۟ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "[Theirs is] like the example of those shortly before them: they tasted the bad consequence of their affair, and they will have a painful punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "كَمَثَلِ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنسَٰنِ ٱكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّى بَرِىٓءٌۭ مِّنكَ إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ",
      "translation": "[The hypocrites are] like the example of Satan when he says to man, \"Disbelieve.\" But when he disbelieves, he says, \"Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "فَكَانَ عَٰقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِى ٱلنَّارِ خَٰلِدَيْنِ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَٰٓؤُا۟ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ",
      "translation": "So the outcome for both of them is that they will be in the Fire, abiding eternally therein. And that is the recompense of the wrong-doers."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌۭ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍۢ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, fear Allah. And let every soul look to what it has put forth for tomorrow - and fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what you do."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ نَسُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَأَنسَىٰهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ",
      "translation": "And be not like those who forgot Allah, so He made them forget themselves. Those are the defiantly disobedient."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "لَا يَسْتَوِىٓ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ ۚ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلْفَآئِزُونَ",
      "translation": "Not equal are the companions of the Fire and the companions of Paradise. The companions of Paradise - they are the attainers [of success]."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "لَوْ أَنزَلْنَا هَٰذَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٍۢ لَّرَأَيْتَهُۥ خَٰشِعًۭا مُّتَصَدِّعًۭا مِّنْ خَشْيَةِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ ٱلْأَمْثَٰلُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ",
      "translation": "If We had sent down this Qur'an upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought."
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ ۖ هُوَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ",
      "translation": "He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْمَلِكُ ٱلْقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْجَبَّارُ ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ ۚ سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ",
      "translation": "He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُ ٱلْبَارِئُ ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ",
      "translation": "He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Glorifies",
      "[to] Allah",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the All-Mighty,",
      "the All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "expelled",
      "those who",
      "disbelieved",
      "from",
      "(the) People",
      "(of) the Scripture",
      "from",
      "their homes",
      "at (the) first",
      "gathering.",
      "Not",
      "you think",
      "that",
      "they would leave,",
      "and they thought",
      "that [they]",
      "would defend them",
      "their fortresses",
      "against",
      "Allah.",
      "But came to them",
      "Allah",
      "from",
      "where",
      "not",
      "they expected,",
      "and He cast",
      "into",
      "their hearts",
      "[the] terror,",
      "they destroyed",
      "their houses",
      "with their hands",
      "and the hands",
      "(of) the believers.",
      "So take a lesson,",
      "O those endowed",
      "(with) insight!"
    ],
    [
      "And if not",
      "[that]",
      "(had) decreed",
      "Allah",
      "for them",
      "the exile,",
      "certainly He (would) have punished them",
      "in",
      "the world,",
      "and for them",
      "in",
      "the Hereafter",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "(of) the Fire."
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "(is) because [they]",
      "they opposed",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messenger.",
      "And whoever",
      "opposes",
      "Allah",
      "then indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) severe",
      "(in) penalty."
    ],
    [
      "Whatever",
      "you cut down",
      "of",
      "(the) palm-trees",
      "or",
      "you left them",
      "standing",
      "on",
      "their roots,",
      "it (was) by the permission",
      "(of) Allah,",
      "and that He may disgrace",
      "the defiantly disobedient."
    ],
    [
      "And what",
      "(was) restored",
      "(by) Allah",
      "to",
      "His Messenger",
      "from them,",
      "then not",
      "you made expedition",
      "for it",
      "of",
      "horses",
      "and not",
      "camels,",
      "but",
      "Allah",
      "gives power",
      "(to) His Messengers",
      "over",
      "whom",
      "He wills.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) on",
      "every",
      "thing",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "What",
      "(was) restored",
      "(by) Allah",
      "to",
      "His Messenger",
      "from",
      "(the) people",
      "(of) the towns,",
      "(it is) for Allah",
      "and His Messenger",
      "and for those",
      "(of) the kindred",
      "and the orphans",
      "and the needy",
      "and",
      "the wayfarer,",
      "that",
      "not",
      "it becomes",
      "a (perpetual) circulation",
      "between",
      "the rich",
      "among you.",
      "And whatever",
      "gives you",
      "the Messenger,",
      "take it",
      "and whatever",
      "he forbids you",
      "from it,",
      "refrain.",
      "And fear",
      "Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) severe",
      "(in) penalty."
    ],
    [
      "For the poor",
      "emigrants,",
      "those who",
      "were expelled",
      "from",
      "their homes",
      "and their properties,",
      "seeking",
      "bounty",
      "from",
      "Allah",
      "and pleasure",
      "and helping",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messenger.",
      "Those,",
      "they",
      "(are) the truthful."
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "settled",
      "(in) the home",
      "and (accepted) faith",
      "from",
      "before them",
      "love",
      "(those) who",
      "emigrated",
      "to them,",
      "and not",
      "they find",
      "in",
      "their breasts",
      "any want",
      "of what",
      "they were given",
      "but prefer",
      "over",
      "themselves,",
      "even though",
      "was",
      "with them",
      "poverty.",
      "And whoever",
      "is saved",
      "(from) stinginess",
      "(of) his soul,",
      "then those",
      "[they]",
      "(are) the successful ones."
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "came",
      "from",
      "after them",
      "they say,",
      "\"Our Lord,",
      "forgive",
      "us",
      "and our brothers",
      "who",
      "preceded us",
      "in faith,",
      "and (do) not",
      "put",
      "in",
      "our hearts",
      "any rancor",
      "towards those who",
      "believed.",
      "Our Lord,",
      "indeed You",
      "(are) Full of Kindness,",
      "Most Merciful.\""
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "you see",
      "[to]",
      "those who",
      "(were) hypocrites,",
      "saying",
      "to their brothers,",
      "those who",
      "disbelieved,",
      "among",
      "the People",
      "(of) the Scripture,",
      "\"If",
      "you are expelled,",
      "surely we will leave",
      "with you,",
      "and not",
      "we will obey",
      "concerning you",
      "anyone,",
      "ever;",
      "and if",
      "you are fought,",
      "certainly we will help you.\"",
      "And Allah",
      "bears witness",
      "that they",
      "(are) surely liars."
    ],
    [
      "If",
      "they are expelled,",
      "not",
      "they will leave",
      "with them,",
      "and if",
      "they are fought",
      "not",
      "they will help them.",
      "And if",
      "they help them,",
      "certainly they will turn",
      "(their) backs;",
      "then",
      "not",
      "they will be helped."
    ],
    [
      "Certainly you",
      "(are) more intense",
      "(in) fear",
      "in",
      "their breasts",
      "than",
      "Allah.",
      "That",
      "(is) because they",
      "(are) a people",
      "(who do) not",
      "understand."
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "will they fight you",
      "all",
      "except",
      "in",
      "towns",
      "fortified",
      "or",
      "from",
      "behind",
      "walls.",
      "Their violence",
      "among themselves",
      "(is) severe.",
      "You think they",
      "(are) united,",
      "but their hearts",
      "(are) divided.",
      "That",
      "(is) because they",
      "(are) a people,",
      "not",
      "they reason."
    ],
    [
      "Like (the) example",
      "(of) those",
      "from",
      "before them",
      "shortly,",
      "they tasted",
      "(the) evil result",
      "(of) their affair,",
      "and for them",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "painful."
    ],
    [
      "Like (the) example",
      "(of) the Shaitaan,",
      "when",
      "he says",
      "to man,",
      "\"Disbelieve.\"",
      "But when",
      "he disbelieves,",
      "he says,",
      "\"Indeed, I am",
      "disassociated",
      "from you.",
      "Indeed, [I]",
      "I fear",
      "Allah,",
      "(the) Lord",
      "(of) the worlds.\""
    ],
    [
      "So will be",
      "(the) end of both of them,",
      "that they",
      "(will be) in",
      "the Fire",
      "abiding forever",
      "therein.",
      "And that",
      "(is the) recompense",
      "(of) the wrongdoers."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "you (who)",
      "believe!",
      "Fear",
      "Allah",
      "and let look",
      "every soul",
      "what",
      "it has sent forth",
      "for tomorrow,",
      "and fear",
      "Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Aware",
      "of what",
      "you do."
    ],
    [
      "And (do) not",
      "be",
      "like those who",
      "forgot",
      "Allah,",
      "so He made them forget",
      "themselves.",
      "Those",
      "[they]",
      "(are) the defiantly disobedient."
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "equal",
      "(are the) companions",
      "(of) the Fire",
      "and (the) companions",
      "(of) Paradise.",
      "(The) companions",
      "(of) Paradise",
      "they",
      "(are) the achievers."
    ],
    [
      "If",
      "We (had) sent down",
      "this",
      "Quran",
      "on",
      "a mountain,",
      "surely you (would) have seen it",
      "humbled,",
      "breaking asunder",
      "from",
      "(the) fear",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "And these",
      "examples,",
      "We present them",
      "to the people",
      "so that they may",
      "give thought."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) Allah,",
      "the One Who,",
      "(there is) no",
      "god",
      "but",
      "He,",
      "(the) All-Knower",
      "(of) the unseen",
      "and the witnessed.",
      "He",
      "(is) the Most Gracious,",
      "the Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) Allah,",
      "the One Who,",
      "(there is) no",
      "god",
      "but",
      "He,",
      "the Sovereign,",
      "the Holy One,",
      "the Giver of Peace,",
      "the Giver of Security,",
      "the Guardian,",
      "the All-Mighty,",
      "the Irresistible,",
      "the Supreme.",
      "Glory (be to)",
      "Allah",
      "from what",
      "they associate (with Him)."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) Allah,",
      "the Creator,",
      "the Inventor,",
      "the Fashioner.",
      "For Him",
      "(are) the names",
      "the beautiful.",
      "Glorifies",
      "Him",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the All-Mighty,",
      "the All-Wise."
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "All creation glorifies",
    "When strongholds could not protect",
    "Exile and the further account",
    "The cause named in the text",
    "Palms cut and palms standing",
    "Wealth gained without an expedition",
    "So wealth does not circle among the rich",
    "Those driven from their homes",
    "A welcome beyond one’s own need",
    "A prayer without resentment",
    "Promises offered in secret",
    "When promised help disappears",
    "Fear without understanding",
    "Walls outside, divided hearts within",
    "An earlier warning repeated",
    "The tempter who abandons",
    "A shared consequence",
    "What have you sent ahead?",
    "Forgetting the self",
    "Two ends that are not equal",
    "If revelation met a mountain",
    "The unseen and the visible",
    "Sovereignty, holiness and peace",
    "The Creator’s beautiful names"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "Before describing a human conflict, the chapter begins with the whole creation glorifying Allah. Power and wisdom frame what follows, inviting the reader to consider events within a larger moral order rather than merely as political success.",
    "The contrast is between expected security and an unexpected collapse. Strong walls do not settle the deeper question of accountability. The final appeal asks people with insight to learn from the event, rather than simply observe another community’s suffering.",
    "Exile is placed beside a more extensive horizon of judgment. The verse describes what happened and what might otherwise have occurred; it does not supply a modern permission to displace people or a general rule about entire religious populations.",
    "The verse states its theological explanation for the conflict: opposition to Allah and His messenger. Its language belongs to the chapter’s particular confrontation. Readers should keep that setting distinct from judgments about unrelated communities across later centuries.",
    "Both the palms cut down and those left standing enter the account. The verse addresses actions in a specific conflict, while its mention of rooted trees makes the material consequences visible. It is not a general celebration of destruction.",
    "The passage now turns from expulsion to resources. The absence of a mounted expedition distinguishes this acquisition in the verse’s account. Power is attributed to Allah, preparing the reader to consider obligations rather than private entitlement to the resulting wealth.",
    "The distribution names relatives, orphans, needy people and travellers, then explains an economic purpose: wealth should not remain confined to the rich. The passage joins responsibility toward vulnerable people with obedience, making allocation a moral matter rather than mere possession.",
    "Displaced people are described through their lost homes, belongings and continuing commitment. Material need does not erase their dignity. The verse makes the reader notice what has been taken from them as well as the purpose they still pursue.",
    "Generosity reaches beyond tolerating newcomers: the hosts love them and resist resentment over assistance they receive. The final warning turns inward toward possessiveness, suggesting that a welcoming community depends partly on the freedom of its members from their own avarice.",
    "The circle of belonging extends to those who come later. Their response is a prayer for earlier believers and for hearts free of rancour. Memory becomes a practice of gratitude and mercy rather than an inheritance of hostility.",
    "The promised alliance sounds absolute: shared exile, refusal to obey opponents and help in battle. The verse challenges the truth behind those assurances. Its focus is the gap between confident declarations and the willingness to bear their cost.",
    "Each promise from the previous verse is tested against action and found unreliable. The sequence moves from refusing shared exile to withholding help and finally retreat. Commitment is revealed by what remains when danger makes words expensive.",
    "Fear of people outweighs awareness of Allah in the hearts being described. The criticism concerns distorted understanding, not merely physical nervousness. It asks the reader to examine which pressures actually govern decisions when stated convictions are put under strain.",
    "The visible appearance of unity conceals inward division. Fortified settlements and walls provide a striking setting for this contrast: people may share defensive structures without sharing trust. The verse directs attention from architecture to the condition of relationships.",
    "The text recalls a recent precedent without naming it in this verse. Its purpose is comparison: wrongdoing has consequences that others have already tasted. Avoiding an invented identification preserves the warning while leaving historical details to clearly attributed commentary.",
    "The example of Satan exposes the logic of betrayal: encouragement toward wrongdoing followed by denial of responsibility. The tempter’s sudden language of fear does not undo the earlier enticement. The comparison helps explain why apparently supportive promises can prove destructive.",
    "Abandonment does not release either participant from accountability. The verse brings the preceding comparison to its end, refusing the idea that the instigator can escape simply by withdrawing support after another person has followed the invitation into wrongdoing.",
    "The address now turns directly to believers and to each individual soul. Tomorrow becomes a way of thinking about the lasting consequences of today. Self-examination belongs beside reverence for Allah, whose knowledge reaches the actions people actually perform.",
    "Forgetting Allah is linked with losing a proper awareness of oneself. The warning reaches beyond a lapse in memory toward moral disorientation: a person may remain busy and confident while neglecting the deepest purpose and consequences of life.",
    "The contrast between the Fire and the Garden corrects the measures of success used earlier in the chapter. Possessions, strongholds and temporary alliances are not its final standard. The successful end is defined by the destination that endures.",
    "A mountain, ordinarily an image of solidity, is imagined humbled and split by receiving revelation. The verse explicitly presents a comparison for reflection. The image asks how a human heart responds, not where a particular broken mountain can be found.",
    "The closing meditation begins with divine oneness and knowledge encompassing what is hidden and what is apparent. Mercy accompanies that complete knowledge. After the scrutiny of secret promises and human motives, the reader is brought back to these defining attributes.",
    "The names gather sovereignty, holiness, peace, guardianship and majesty into a concentrated declaration. They describe Allah in the language of worship, not a bodily form to imagine. The verse ends by rejecting the association of partners with Him.",
    "Creation and beautiful names complete the chapter’s movement from human events to praise. Its final description echoes the opening’s might and wisdom. The whole cosmos glorifies Allah, surrounding the reader’s particular responsibilities with a much wider horizon of meaning."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 5,
      "title": "The walls and the exile",
      "summary": "A fortified settlement’s collapse becomes a lesson in the limits of apparent security and the consequences of opposition.",
      "reflection": "What kinds of security can conceal the need for honest self-examination?"
    },
    {
      "start": 6,
      "end": 10,
      "title": "Wealth that reaches beyond its owners",
      "summary": "Resources are directed toward need, displaced people find welcome, and later generations learn to pray without rancour.",
      "reflection": "How can a community make room for others in both its resources and its heart?"
    },
    {
      "start": 11,
      "end": 17,
      "title": "When an alliance is only a promise",
      "summary": "Assurances of loyalty unravel under pressure, exposing fear, division and the danger of support that ends in abandonment.",
      "reflection": "Which promises are you prepared to honour when keeping them becomes difficult?"
    },
    {
      "start": 18,
      "end": 24,
      "title": "What the heart sends ahead",
      "summary": "Personal accountability leads to the mountain’s humility before revelation and the closing meditation on Allah’s beautiful names.",
      "reflection": "What are today’s choices preparing for tomorrow, and what allows the heart to soften?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "622–632 CE · the Madinan period",
      "year": 622,
      "endYear": 632,
      "body": "Al-Hashr is classified as Madinan. This calendar span marks the broad period from the Hijrah to the end of the Prophet’s lifetime; it is not an exact date for every verse or for the whole chapter’s delivery.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hashr/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Banu al-Nadir · a reported occasion",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Ibn Abbas, in Bukhari 4882, connects this surah with Banu al-Nadir. The cited report itself gives no calendar date. It anchors the historical identification without assigning an unsourced day or year.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4882"
    },
    {
      "title": "Fourth year AH · Quran.com’s chronology",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The Quran.com introduction places the expulsion in the fourth year after the Hijrah. This is an attributed historical chronology; the verse text gives no year, and this reader does not turn it into a precise Gregorian date.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hashr/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The morrow · a horizon beyond the calendar",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 18–20 turn from earlier events toward the account of what each soul has prepared. The promised judgment is a theological future, not an earthly milestone with a calculable date.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/059.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "madinah",
      "name": "Madinah · the chapter’s broad setting",
      "body": "The surah’s Madinan classification situates it in the Prophet’s later mission. The map marks the city broadly, not an excavated house, a specific siege position or a verified route of exile.",
      "lat": 24.4672,
      "lon": 39.6111,
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hashr/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "buwayrah",
      "name": "Al-Buwayrah · palms near Madinah",
      "body": "Bukhari 4884 names al-Buwayrah in connection with the palms of Banu al-Nadir and verse 5. An imagined grove evokes this report; no exact modern boundary or surviving individual tree is claimed.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4884",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "hospitality",
      "name": "An Ansari home · hospitality in a report",
      "body": "Bukhari 4889 describes a host and his wife feeding a hungry guest while foregoing their own meal. The source does not identify a visitable house. The domestic scene represents the reported act of generosity.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4889",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "mountain",
      "name": "The mountain · an explicit comparison",
      "body": "Verse 21 imagines a mountain humbled by revelation. It names no mountain and supplies no map location. The landscape is a contemplative illustration of the comparison, not a reconstructed miracle site.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/059.htm",
      "image": 3
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "banu-nadir",
      "title": "Banu al-Nadir · the historically identified group",
      "body": "Ibn Abbas’s report identifies Banu al-Nadir as the chapter’s setting. This is a particular Jewish community in an early Madinan conflict; the account must not be turned into a description of Jewish people generally or of present-day communities.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4882",
      "label": "Read Bukhari 4882"
    },
    {
      "id": "emigrants",
      "title": "The emigrants · displaced but not without purpose",
      "body": "Verse 8 honours people driven from their homes and possessions. It describes their need and commitment together, ensuring that those who receive assistance remain visible as people with dignity, history and agency.",
      "verse": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "ansari-household",
      "title": "The hosts · generosity in a household",
      "body": "Bukhari 4889 preserves the story of an Ansari couple who put a hungry guest before themselves. The report connects their hospitality with verse 9. Their house is not precisely located and no portrait is presented as historical evidence.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4889",
      "label": "Read the hospitality report"
    },
    {
      "id": "later-believers",
      "title": "Those who come later · a prayer across generations",
      "body": "The people in verse 10 are described by the prayer they make for earlier believers and by their desire to remove rancour. Their place in the passage opens the community’s story toward future generations.",
      "verse": 10
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "An event identified in transmitted commentary",
      "body": "Bukhari 4882 reports Ibn Abbas connecting Al-Hashr with Banu al-Nadir. Ibn Kathir’s opening commentary repeats that identification. The reader distinguishes this transmitted context from the chapter’s own words, which do not name the tribe.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4882"
    },
    {
      "title": "Palms in a specific conflict",
      "body": "Ibn Umar’s report in Bukhari 4884 links verse 5 with the cutting and burning of palms at al-Buwayrah. It supplies historical context for this episode, rather than a general instruction about landscapes or later conflicts.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4884"
    },
    {
      "title": "Distribution and the prevention of concentration",
      "body": "Verse 7 names recipients of the acquired resources and explains that wealth should not circulate only among the rich. Verses 8–10 place displaced people, hosts and later believers around that material responsibility.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/059.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Reading conflict beside kindness and justice",
      "body": "This chapter recounts a particular confrontation. For a wider Quranic comparison, 60:8–9 distinguishes hostile expulsion from peaceful relations and explicitly allows kindness and justice toward those who did not fight or drive the believers out.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/060.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Madinan. The calendar shows the broad 622–632 CE mission period. Banu al-Nadir is identified in Bukhari’s report; the fourth-year-AH placement is attributed to Quran.com’s introduction. No precise Gregorian revelation date is claimed."
}