{
  "number": 49,
  "slug": "hujurat",
  "name": "Al-Hujurat",
  "arabicName": "الحجرات",
  "meaning": "The Private Chambers",
  "juz": 26,
  "period": "Madinan",
  "tagline": "LISTEN WITH CARE & HONOUR ONE ANOTHER",
  "overview": "Respectful speech opens into a wider ethic of community: verify reports before harm follows, reconcile conflict justly, and protect people from ridicule, suspicion and backbiting. Shared human origins answer pride in ancestry, while the closing verses distinguish sincere faith from claims made for recognition.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_49.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=6"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=2"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=18"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=49&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "632 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mahomet"
    },
    {
      "title": "Abu Bakr, Umar and the delegation · Bukhari 4845",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4845"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تُقَدِّمُوا۟ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger but fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَرْفَعُوٓا۟ أَصْوَٰتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ ٱلنَّبِىِّ وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا۟ لَهُۥ بِٱلْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَٰلُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَٰتَهُمْ عِندَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱمْتَحَنَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۚ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌۭ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ",
      "translation": "Indeed, those who lower their voices before the Messenger of Allah - they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for righteousness. For them is forgiveness and great reward."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَآءِ ٱلْحُجُرَٰتِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ",
      "translation": "Indeed, those who call you, [O Muhammad], from behind the chambers - most of them do not use reason."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكَانَ خَيْرًۭا لَّهُمْ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "And if they had been patient until you [could] come out to them, it would have been better for them. But Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِن جَآءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌۢ بِنَبَإٍۢ فَتَبَيَّنُوٓا۟ أَن تُصِيبُوا۟ قَوْمًۢا بِجَهَٰلَةٍۢ فَتُصْبِحُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَٰدِمِينَ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become, over what you have done, regretful."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِى كَثِيرٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْأَمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلْإِيمَٰنَ وَزَيَّنَهُۥ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلْكُفْرَ وَٱلْفُسُوقَ وَٱلْعِصْيَانَ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلرَّٰشِدُونَ",
      "translation": "And know that among you is the Messenger of Allah. If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would be in difficulty, but Allah has endeared to you the faith and has made it pleasing in your hearts and has made hateful to you disbelief, defiance and disobedience. Those are the [rightly] guided."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "فَضْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةًۭ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "[It is] as bounty from Allah and favor. And Allah is Knowing and Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "وَإِن طَآئِفَتَانِ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ٱقْتَتَلُوا۟ فَأَصْلِحُوا۟ بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ فَإِنۢ بَغَتْ إِحْدَىٰهُمَا عَلَى ٱلْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلَّتِى تَبْغِى حَتَّىٰ تَفِىٓءَ إِلَىٰٓ أَمْرِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن فَآءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا۟ بَيْنَهُمَا بِٱلْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوٓا۟ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُقْسِطِينَ",
      "translation": "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌۭ فَأَصْلِحُوا۟ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ",
      "translation": "The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌۭ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُونُوا۟ خَيْرًۭا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَآءٌۭ مِّن نِّسَآءٍ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًۭا مِّنْهُنَّ ۖ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا۟ بِٱلْأَلْقَٰبِ ۖ بِئْسَ ٱلِٱسْمُ ٱلْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ ۚ وَمَن لَّمْ يَتُبْ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule [another] people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule [other] women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by [offensive] nicknames. Wretched is the name of disobedience after [one's] faith. And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱجْتَنِبُوا۟ كَثِيرًۭا مِّنَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِثْمٌۭ ۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا۟ وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًۭا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَٰكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍۢ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَٰكُمْ شُعُوبًۭا وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتْقَىٰكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "۞ قَالَتِ ٱلْأَعْرَابُ ءَامَنَّا ۖ قُل لَّمْ تُؤْمِنُوا۟ وَلَٰكِن قُولُوٓا۟ أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَدْخُلِ ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ ۖ وَإِن تُطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ لَا يَلِتْكُم مِّنْ أَعْمَٰلِكُمْ شَيْـًٔا ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌ",
      "translation": "The bedouins say, \"We have believed.\" Say, \"You have not [yet] believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted,' for faith has not yet entered your hearts. And if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not deprive you from your deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْتَابُوا۟ وَجَٰهَدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ",
      "translation": "The believers are only the ones who have believed in Allah and His Messenger and then doubt not but strive with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah. It is those who are the truthful."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "قُلْ أَتُعَلِّمُونَ ٱللَّهَ بِدِينِكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "Say, \"Would you acquaint Allah with your religion while Allah knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and Allah is Knowing of all things?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "يَمُنُّونَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ ۖ قُل لَّا تَمُنُّوا۟ عَلَىَّ إِسْلَٰمَكُم ۖ بَلِ ٱللَّهُ يَمُنُّ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ هَدَىٰكُمْ لِلْإِيمَٰنِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ",
      "translation": "They consider it a favor to you that they have accepted Islam. Say, \"Do not consider your Islam a favor to me. Rather, Allah has conferred favor upon you that He has guided you to the faith, if you should be truthful.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ",
      "translation": "Indeed, Allah knows the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth. And Allah is Seeing of what you do."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "O",
      "you who",
      "believe!",
      "(Do) not",
      "put (yourselves) forward -",
      "before",
      "(lit. the two hands of)",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messenger",
      "and fear",
      "Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Hearer,",
      "All-Knower."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "you who",
      "believe!",
      "(Do) not",
      "raise",
      "your voices",
      "above",
      "(the) voice",
      "(of) the Prophet,",
      "and (do) not",
      "be loud",
      "to him",
      "in speech",
      "like (the) loudness",
      "(of) some of you",
      "to others,",
      "lest",
      "become worthless",
      "your deeds",
      "while you",
      "(do) not",
      "perceive."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "those who",
      "lower",
      "their voices",
      "(in) presence",
      "(of the) Messenger",
      "(of) Allah -",
      "those,",
      "(are) the ones",
      "has tested",
      "Allah",
      "their hearts",
      "for righteousness.",
      "For them",
      "(is) forgiveness",
      "and a reward",
      "great."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "those who",
      "call you",
      "from",
      "behind",
      "the private chambers,",
      "most of them",
      "(do) not",
      "understand."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "they",
      "had been patient",
      "until",
      "you came out",
      "to them",
      "certainly it would be",
      "better",
      "for them.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) Oft-Forgiving,",
      "Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "you who",
      "believe!",
      "If",
      "comes to you",
      "a wicked person",
      "with information,",
      "investigate,",
      "lest",
      "you harm",
      "a people",
      "in ignorance,",
      "then you become,",
      "over",
      "what",
      "you have done,",
      "regretful."
    ],
    [
      "And know",
      "that",
      "among you",
      "(is the) Messenger",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "If",
      "he were to obey you",
      "in",
      "much",
      "of",
      "the matter,",
      "surely you would be in difficulty,",
      "but",
      "Allah",
      "has endeared",
      "to you",
      "the Faith",
      "and has made it pleasing",
      "in",
      "your hearts",
      "and has made hateful",
      "to you",
      "disbelief",
      "and defiance",
      "and disobedience.",
      "Those",
      "(are) they -",
      "the guided ones."
    ],
    [
      "A Bounty",
      "from",
      "Allah",
      "and favor.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) All-Knower,",
      "All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "two parties",
      "among",
      "the believers",
      "fight,",
      "then make peace",
      "between both of them.",
      "But if",
      "oppresses",
      "one of them",
      "on",
      "the other,",
      "then fight",
      "one which",
      "oppresses",
      "until",
      "it returns",
      "to",
      "(the) command",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "Then if",
      "it returns,",
      "then make peace",
      "between them",
      "with justice,",
      "and act justly.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "loves",
      "those who act justly."
    ],
    [
      "Only",
      "the believers",
      "(are) brothers,",
      "so make peace",
      "between",
      "your brothers,",
      "and fear",
      "Allah",
      "so that you may",
      "receive mercy."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "you who",
      "believe!",
      "(Let) not",
      "ridicule",
      "a people",
      "[of]",
      "(another) people,",
      "perhaps",
      "that",
      "they may be",
      "better",
      "than them;",
      "and (let) not",
      "women",
      "[of]",
      "(other) women",
      "perhaps",
      "that",
      "they may be",
      "better",
      "than them.",
      "And (do) not",
      "insult",
      "yourselves",
      "and (do) not",
      "call each other",
      "by nicknames.",
      "Wretched is",
      "the name",
      "(of) disobedience",
      "after",
      "the faith.",
      "And whoever",
      "(does) not",
      "repent,",
      "then those -",
      "they",
      "(are) the wrongdoers."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "you who",
      "believe!",
      "Avoid",
      "much",
      "of",
      "the assumption.",
      "Indeed,",
      "some",
      "assumption",
      "(is) sin.",
      "And (do) not",
      "spy",
      "and (do) not",
      "backbite",
      "some of you",
      "(to) others.",
      "Would like",
      "one of you",
      "to",
      "eat",
      "(the) flesh",
      "(of) his brother,",
      "dead?",
      "Nay, you would hate it.",
      "And fear",
      "Allah;",
      "indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) Oft-Returning,",
      "Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "mankind!",
      "Indeed, We",
      "created you",
      "from",
      "a male",
      "and a female",
      "and We made you",
      "nations",
      "and tribes",
      "that you may know one another.",
      "Indeed,",
      "(the) most noble of you",
      "near",
      "Allah",
      "(is the) most righteous of you.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Knower,",
      "All-Aware."
    ],
    [
      "Say",
      "the Bedouins,",
      "\"We believe.\"",
      "Say,",
      "\"Not",
      "you believe;",
      "but",
      "say,",
      "\"We have submitted,\"",
      "and has not yet",
      "entered",
      "the faith",
      "in",
      "your hearts.",
      "But if",
      "you obey",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messenger,",
      "not",
      "He will deprive you",
      "of",
      "your deeds",
      "anything.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) Oft-Forgiving,",
      "Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "Only",
      "the believers",
      "(are) those who",
      "believe",
      "in Allah",
      "and His Messenger,",
      "then",
      "(do) not",
      "doubt",
      "but strive",
      "with their wealth",
      "and their lives",
      "in",
      "(the) way",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "Those",
      "[they]",
      "(are) the truthful.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Will you acquaint",
      "Allah",
      "with your religion",
      "while Allah",
      "knows",
      "what",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and what",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth.",
      "And Allah",
      "of every",
      "thing",
      "(is) All-Knower.\""
    ],
    [
      "They consider (it) a favor",
      "to you",
      "that",
      "they have accepted Islam.",
      "Say,",
      "\"(Do) not",
      "consider a favor",
      "on me -",
      "your Islam.",
      "Nay,",
      "Allah",
      "has conferred a favor",
      "upon you",
      "that",
      "He has guided you",
      "to the faith,",
      "if",
      "you are",
      "truthful."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "knows",
      "(the) unseen",
      "(of) the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) All-Seer",
      "of what",
      "you do.\""
    ]
  ],
  "glossNote": "Some Corpus glosses repeat a complete English phrase across adjacent Arabic words. This edition separates those into individual word meanings using the same page’s Arabic and grammar, so word hover does not repeat a whole phrase. Original glosses and every adjustment are retained in the source audit; idiomatic expressions may include a literal component gloss.",
  "translationNote": "English translation: Sahih International, via AlQuran Cloud. Original source wording is preserved.",
  "titles": [
    "Do not rush ahead",
    "Restraint in the Prophet’s presence",
    "Quiet voices and receptive hearts",
    "Calling from outside the chambers",
    "The courtesy of waiting",
    "Verify before harm is done",
    "Faith made beautiful within",
    "A gift of grace",
    "Reconcile with justice",
    "The bond of believers",
    "Do not ridicule or demean",
    "Suspicion, spying and backbiting",
    "Peoples made to know one another",
    "Submission and inward faith",
    "The sincerity shown by commitment",
    "Nothing hidden from divine knowledge",
    "Guidance is not a favour owed",
    "The unseen and what you do"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening asks believers not to place themselves ahead of Allah and His messenger. Restraint precedes action and speech. The instruction sets the chapter’s tone: belonging to a community of faith requires humility about one’s own impulse to decide or dominate.",
    "Voices are to be moderated in the Prophet’s presence rather than raised over his. The verse connects outward manners with the seriousness of faith. Respect is expressed in the manner of speaking, not only in the words a person claims to affirm.",
    "Those who lower their voices are described through hearts tested for reverence. The connection moves the lesson beyond a rule about volume. Consideration becomes an outward expression of inward discipline, accompanied by the promise of forgiveness and abundant reward.",
    "Calling from outside the private chambers shows impatience with another person’s boundaries. The criticism concerns an actual mode of address. The verse helps the reader notice how a demand for immediate attention can reveal a failure of understanding.",
    "Waiting until the Prophet comes out would have been better. The correction is followed by forgiveness and mercy, leaving room for growth. Courtesy is presented as something people can learn rather than a reason to declare an offender beyond repair.",
    "A report from an unreliable wrongdoer must be checked before action causes harm. The verse connects verification with responsibility toward those affected. Its warning is practical: regret after damaging a community does not undo the consequences of acting without knowledge.",
    "The messenger’s presence does not mean that every demand should be followed. The verse turns from pressure on leadership to faith made dear within the heart. Guidance includes learning to value belief and recognise the destructiveness of wrongdoing.",
    "The good described in the previous verse is attributed to divine bounty and grace. This prevents moral improvement from becoming another occasion for pride. Knowledge and wisdom belong to Allah, who understands what the community needs beyond its immediate preferences.",
    "Conflict between believers calls for reconciliation, resistance to continued aggression and a just settlement when it ends. Peace is not separated from equity. The verse’s emphasis on fairness prevents a stronger party’s convenience from being mistaken for genuine reconciliation.",
    "Believers are described as brothers, making reconciliation a responsibility within a shared bond. The aim is to restore relations with awareness of Allah. Mercy appears as a hoped-for outcome of conduct that repairs division instead of deepening it.",
    "Ridicule, defamation and insulting names are rejected because the person mocked may be better than the mocker. The verse dismantles confidence in one’s presumed superiority. It also leaves a path of repentance rather than allowing humiliation to define a relationship permanently.",
    "Suspicion, spying and backbiting are brought together as harms to trust and dignity. The disturbing comparison makes speaking against an absent person morally vivid. The verse ends with repentance and mercy, directing the reader toward changed conduct rather than self-righteous accusation.",
    "The address widens to all humanity. Shared origins stand beside the diversity of peoples and tribes, whose purpose is mutual recognition. Honour before Allah rests on reverent conduct, not a nation’s prestige, ancestry or a claim of inherent superiority.",
    "Some desert Arabs claim faith, but the response distinguishes outward submission from belief established in the heart. The correction addresses a particular claim, not an entire ethnicity. It also promises that sincere obedience will not be deprived of its reward.",
    "Sincere belief is described through settled commitment and striving with resources and life. The verse moves from what people announce to what they sustain. Its portrait of truthfulness asks whether a claim is supported by the direction of a person’s conduct.",
    "The question challenges the attempt to inform Allah about one’s religion as though He lacked knowledge. Heaven and earth are already known to Him. Self-description cannot conceal the heart, and religious language cannot replace the reality it claims to express.",
    "Accepting guidance is not a favour that places the messenger in debt. The verse reverses the boast by recognising guidance itself as a gift. Gratitude offers a different way to understand belonging, without treating faith as a claim to special consideration.",
    "The closing verse gathers the unseen and visible conduct within Allah’s knowledge. Public manners, private suspicion and inward claims all stand within that awareness. The chapter ends by returning attention to what people actually do, beyond what they announce about themselves."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 5,
      "title": "At the threshold of the chambers",
      "summary": "Measured voices, patience and respect for private space express reverence through ordinary manners.",
      "reflection": "How can waiting and listening become acts of respect?"
    },
    {
      "start": 6,
      "end": 10,
      "title": "Verify the news, repair the division",
      "summary": "Checking reports protects others from harm; justice and a shared bond guide reconciliation.",
      "reflection": "What should you verify before repeating a report or taking a side?"
    },
    {
      "start": 11,
      "end": 18,
      "title": "Dignity beyond names, nations and claims",
      "summary": "Ridicule and suspicion give way to shared humanity, while true faith is measured beyond public declarations.",
      "reflection": "Where could humility change the way you speak about another person?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "622–632 CE · the Madinan period",
      "year": 622,
      "endYear": 632,
      "body": "Al-Hujurat is classified as Madinan. This broad calendar range marks the later mission and is not an exact date for every instruction in the chapter.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Around 9 AH · an attributed late setting",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Quran.com’s introduction places the chapter around the ninth year after the Hijrah. The reader preserves that attribution without assigning a single Gregorian day or treating every passage as delivered at once.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Banu Tamim delegation · a reported incident",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Bukhari 4845 describes Abu Bakr and Umar raising their voices during a disagreement when the delegation arrived, connecting the correction with verse 2. The cited report itself gives no calendar year.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4845"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "madinah",
      "name": "Madinah · the community setting",
      "body": "The Madinan classification places these instructions in the Prophet’s later community. The city marker offers broad orientation, not the exact location of each reported dispute or conversation.",
      "lat": 24.4672,
      "lon": 39.6111,
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "chambers",
      "name": "The private chambers · a boundary deserving respect",
      "body": "The chapter takes its name from the apartments mentioned in verse 4. The illustration evokes a respectful threshold; it does not present a verified floor plan, surviving original doorway or portrait of the Prophet.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "reconciliation",
      "name": "A place of meeting · reconciliation in the community",
      "body": "Verses 6–10 concern reports, conflict and restored relations without identifying one physical meeting place. The gathering is an imagined illustration of verification and mediation, rather than a reconstruction of a documented council.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/049.htm",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "peoples",
      "name": "Peoples and tribes · a shared human world",
      "body": "Verse 13 addresses humanity beyond any single city or nation. The varied people in the illustration represent the principle of knowing one another, without claiming portraits of named historical individuals.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/049.htm",
      "image": 2
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "abu-bakr-umar",
      "title": "Abu Bakr and Umar · corrected in a reported disagreement",
      "body": "Bukhari 4845 names both men in the account of raised voices during the Banu Tamim visit. The report presents respected companions receiving correction; their status did not remove the need to practise restraint.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4845",
      "label": "Read Bukhari 4845"
    },
    {
      "id": "bearer-of-news",
      "title": "The bearer of a report · verification before action",
      "body": "Verse 6 describes an unreliable person bringing news without naming that person in the verse. This reader keeps the principle clear without presenting a disputed identification as part of the Quran’s wording.",
      "verse": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "reconcilers",
      "title": "Those who reconcile · peace joined with fairness",
      "body": "The community is asked to repair conflict between believers and act equitably. The peacemaker’s role is neither passive indifference nor automatic support for the stronger side; justice remains part of the settlement.",
      "verse": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "humanity",
      "title": "All humanity · dignity beyond ancestry",
      "body": "Verse 13 addresses people as sharing an origin while belonging to many nations and tribes. Difference enables recognition; it does not establish inherited superiority. The verse places honour before Allah in reverent conduct.",
      "verse": 13
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "A chapter of community conduct",
      "body": "The Quran.com introduction places Al-Hujurat late in the Madinan period and associates its opening with visiting delegations. The instructions extend from manners toward social trust, reconciliation and the ethics of belonging.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-hujurat/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "A transmitted correction of raised voices",
      "body": "Bukhari’s report links verse 2 with a disagreement between Abu Bakr and Umar about a recommendation during the Banu Tamim visit. This contextual report is kept distinct from the verse, which names neither participant.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4845"
    },
    {
      "title": "Verification is directed toward preventing harm",
      "body": "Verse 6 explains why a report must be checked: people may be injured through ignorant action, followed by regret. Its concern includes the consequences for those discussed, not simply the confidence of the person receiving news.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/049.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The horizon widens to humanity",
      "body": "After addressing believers, verse 13 addresses humankind. Its statement about nations and tribes places social difference within a shared origin and purpose of recognition, followed by a criterion of conduct rather than ancestry.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/049.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Madinan. Quran.com places the chapter around 9 AH; the broad 622–632 CE calendar is used without claiming a precise date for each passage. The Banu Tamim account is a transmitted occasion, not a complete chronology."
}