{
  "number": 76,
  "slug": "insan",
  "name": "Al-Insan",
  "arabicName": "الإنسان",
  "meaning": "The Human Being",
  "juz": 29,
  "period": "Makkan / Madinan disputed",
  "tagline": "A HUMAN BEGINNING & GENEROSITY WITHOUT RETURN",
  "overview": "From a time before human remembrance, the surah follows the gift of guidance into gratitude, steadfastness and selfless care. Food offered without expectation of thanks is answered by a richly described welcome, before the ending returns to patient remembrance and mercy.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_76.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=10"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=17"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=21"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=24"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=76&verse=31"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-insan/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The opening question · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-insan/1/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "Friday dawn recitation · Muslim 879a",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:879a"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · Hijrah period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "هَلْ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْإِنسَٰنِ حِينٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُن شَيْـًۭٔا مَّذْكُورًا",
      "translation": "Has there [not] come upon man a period of time when he was not a thing [even] mentioned?"
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍۢ نَّبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَٰهُ سَمِيعًۢا بَصِيرًا",
      "translation": "Indeed, We created man from a sperm-drop mixture that We may try him; and We made him hearing and seeing."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "إِنَّا هَدَيْنَٰهُ ٱلسَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًۭا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا",
      "translation": "Indeed, We guided him to the way, be he grateful or be he ungrateful."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "إِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ سَلَٰسِلَا۟ وَأَغْلَٰلًۭا وَسَعِيرًا",
      "translation": "Indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers chains and shackles and a blaze."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِن كَأْسٍۢ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا",
      "translation": "Indeed, the righteous will drink from a cup [of wine] whose mixture is of Kafur,"
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "عَيْنًۭا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ ٱللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَهَا تَفْجِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "A spring of which the [righteous] servants of Allah will drink; they will make it gush forth in force [and abundance]."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "يُوفُونَ بِٱلنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًۭا كَانَ شَرُّهُۥ مُسْتَطِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "They [are those who] fulfill [their] vows and fear a Day whose evil will be widespread."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "وَيُطْعِمُونَ ٱلطَّعَامَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ مِسْكِينًۭا وَيَتِيمًۭا وَأَسِيرًا",
      "translation": "And they give food in spite of love for it to the needy, the orphan, and the captive,"
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ ٱللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنكُمْ جَزَآءًۭ وَلَا شُكُورًا",
      "translation": "[Saying], \"We feed you only for the countenance of Allah. We wish not from you reward or gratitude."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِن رَّبِّنَا يَوْمًا عَبُوسًۭا قَمْطَرِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "Indeed, We fear from our Lord a Day austere and distressful.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "فَوَقَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّىٰهُمْ نَضْرَةًۭ وَسُرُورًۭا",
      "translation": "So Allah will protect them from the evil of that Day and give them radiance and happiness"
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَجَزَىٰهُم بِمَا صَبَرُوا۟ جَنَّةًۭ وَحَرِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "And will reward them for what they patiently endured [with] a garden [in Paradise] and silk [garments]."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "مُّتَّكِـِٔينَ فِيهَا عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ ۖ لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًۭا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "[They will be] reclining therein on adorned couches. They will not see therein any [burning] sun or [freezing] cold."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَٰلُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "And near above them are its shades, and its [fruit] to be picked will be lowered in compliance."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِم بِـَٔانِيَةٍۢ مِّن فِضَّةٍۢ وَأَكْوَابٍۢ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَا۠",
      "translation": "And there will be circulated among them vessels of silver and cups having been [created] clear [as glass],"
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "قَوَارِيرَا۟ مِن فِضَّةٍۢ قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًۭا",
      "translation": "Clear glasses [made] from silver of which they have determined the measure."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًۭا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنجَبِيلًا",
      "translation": "And they will be given to drink a cup [of wine] whose mixture is of ginger"
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "عَيْنًۭا فِيهَا تُسَمَّىٰ سَلْسَبِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "[From] a fountain within Paradise named Salsabeel."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "۞ وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَٰنٌۭ مُّخَلَّدُونَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ حَسِبْتَهُمْ لُؤْلُؤًۭا مَّنثُورًۭا",
      "translation": "There will circulate among them young boys made eternal. When you see them, you would think them [as beautiful as] scattered pearls."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًۭا وَمُلْكًۭا كَبِيرًا",
      "translation": "And when you look there [in Paradise], you will see pleasure and great dominion."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "عَٰلِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضْرٌۭ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٌۭ ۖ وَحُلُّوٓا۟ أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٍۢ وَسَقَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ شَرَابًۭا طَهُورًا",
      "translation": "Upon the inhabitants will be green garments of fine silk and brocade. And they will be adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord will give them a purifying drink."
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ هَٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمْ جَزَآءًۭ وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُم مَّشْكُورًا",
      "translation": "[And it will be said], \"Indeed, this is for you a reward, and your effort has been appreciated.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ تَنزِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "Indeed, it is We who have sent down to you, [O Muhammad], the Qur'an progressively."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "فَٱصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ وَلَا تُطِعْ مِنْهُمْ ءَاثِمًا أَوْ كَفُورًۭا",
      "translation": "So be patient for the decision of your Lord and do not obey from among them a sinner or ungrateful [disbeliever]."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "وَٱذْكُرِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ بُكْرَةًۭ وَأَصِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "And mention the name of your Lord [in prayer] morning and evening"
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَٱسْجُدْ لَهُۥ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًۭا طَوِيلًا",
      "translation": "And during the night prostrate to Him and exalt Him a long [part of the] night."
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ يُحِبُّونَ ٱلْعَاجِلَةَ وَيَذَرُونَ وَرَآءَهُمْ يَوْمًۭا ثَقِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "Indeed, these [disbelievers] love the immediate and leave behind them a grave Day."
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "نَّحْنُ خَلَقْنَٰهُمْ وَشَدَدْنَآ أَسْرَهُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا شِئْنَا بَدَّلْنَآ أَمْثَٰلَهُمْ تَبْدِيلًا",
      "translation": "We have created them and strengthened their forms, and when We will, We can change their likenesses with [complete] alteration."
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ هَٰذِهِۦ تَذْكِرَةٌۭ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ سَبِيلًۭا",
      "translation": "Indeed, this is a reminder, so he who wills may take to his Lord a way."
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا",
      "translation": "And you do not will except that Allah wills. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 31,
      "arabic": "يُدْخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِى رَحْمَتِهِۦ ۚ وَٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًۢا",
      "translation": "He admits whom He wills into His mercy; but the wrongdoers - He has prepared for them a painful punishment."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Has",
      "(there) come",
      "upon",
      "man",
      "a period",
      "of",
      "time",
      "not",
      "he was",
      "a thing",
      "mentioned?"
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "[We] created",
      "man",
      "from",
      "a semen-drop,",
      "a mixture,",
      "(that) We test him;",
      "so We made (for) him",
      "hearing",
      "and sight."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "guided him",
      "(to) the way",
      "whether",
      "(he) be grateful",
      "and whether",
      "(he) be ungrateful."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "[We] have prepared",
      "for the disbelievers",
      "chains",
      "and shackles",
      "and a Blazing Fire."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "the righteous",
      "will drink",
      "from",
      "a cup,",
      "is",
      "its mixture",
      "(of) Kafur,"
    ],
    [
      "A spring -",
      "will drink",
      "from it",
      "(the) slaves",
      "(of) Allah;",
      "causing it to gush forth",
      "abundantly."
    ],
    [
      "They fulfill",
      "the vows",
      "and fear",
      "a Day -",
      "(which) is",
      "its evil",
      "widespread."
    ],
    [
      "And they feed",
      "the food",
      "in spite of",
      "love (for) it,",
      "(to the) needy,",
      "and (the) orphan",
      "and (the) captive,"
    ],
    [
      "\"Only",
      "we feed you",
      "for (the) Countenance",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "Not",
      "we desire",
      "from you",
      "any reward",
      "and not",
      "thanks."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, we",
      "fear",
      "from",
      "our Lord",
      "a Day -",
      "harsh",
      "and distressful.\""
    ],
    [
      "But will protect them",
      "Allah",
      "(from the) evil",
      "(of) that",
      "Day",
      "and will cause them to meet",
      "radiance",
      "and happiness."
    ],
    [
      "And will reward them",
      "because",
      "they were patient,",
      "(with) a Garden",
      "and silk."
    ],
    [
      "Reclining",
      "therein",
      "on",
      "couches.",
      "Not",
      "they will see",
      "therein",
      "sun",
      "and not",
      "freezing cold."
    ],
    [
      "And near",
      "above them",
      "(are) its shades",
      "and will hang low",
      "its cluster of fruits",
      "dangling low."
    ],
    [
      "And will be circulated",
      "among them",
      "vessels",
      "of",
      "silver",
      "and cups",
      "(that) are",
      "(of) crystal."
    ],
    [
      "Crystal-clear",
      "of",
      "silver.",
      "They will determine its",
      "measure."
    ],
    [
      "And they will be given to drink",
      "therein",
      "a cup -",
      "is",
      "its mixture",
      "(of) Zanjabil,"
    ],
    [
      "A spring",
      "therein,",
      "named",
      "Salsabil."
    ],
    [
      "And will circulate",
      "among them",
      "young boys",
      "made eternal.",
      "When",
      "you see them,",
      "you would think them",
      "(to be) pearls",
      "scattered."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "you look,",
      "then",
      "you will see",
      "blessings",
      "and a kingdom",
      "great."
    ],
    [
      "Upon them",
      "(will be) garments",
      "(of) fine silk",
      "green",
      "and heavy brocade.",
      "And they will be adorned",
      "(with) bracelets",
      "of",
      "silver,",
      "and will give them to drink",
      "their Lord,",
      "a drink",
      "pure."
    ],
    [
      "\"Indeed,",
      "this",
      "is",
      "for you",
      "a reward,",
      "and has been",
      "your effort",
      "appreciated.\""
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "[We]",
      "[We] revealed",
      "to you",
      "the Quran",
      "progressively."
    ],
    [
      "So be patient",
      "for (the) Command",
      "(of) your Lord",
      "and (do) not",
      "obey",
      "from them",
      "any sinner",
      "or",
      "disbeliever."
    ],
    [
      "And remember",
      "(the) name",
      "(of) your Lord",
      "morning",
      "and evening."
    ],
    [
      "And of",
      "the night",
      "prostrate",
      "to Him,",
      "and glorify Him",
      "a night",
      "long."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "these",
      "love",
      "the immediate,",
      "and leave",
      "behind them",
      "a Day",
      "grave."
    ],
    [
      "We,",
      "created them",
      "and We strengthened",
      "their forms,",
      "and when",
      "We will,",
      "We can change",
      "their likeness[es]",
      "(with) a change."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "this",
      "(is) a reminder,",
      "so whoever",
      "wills,",
      "let him take",
      "to",
      "his Lord",
      "a way."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "you will",
      "except",
      "that",
      "wills",
      "Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "is",
      "All-Knower,",
      "All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "He admits",
      "whom",
      "He wills",
      "into",
      "His mercy,",
      "but (for) the wrongdoers,",
      "He has prepared",
      "for them",
      "a punishment",
      "painful."
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Before anyone remembered us",
    "Created and tested",
    "The way made known",
    "A warning of confinement",
    "A cup for the righteous",
    "A freely flowing spring",
    "Promises kept",
    "Food for those in need",
    "No reward or thanks required",
    "A feared day",
    "Brightness and joy",
    "Patience answered with welcome",
    "Neither burning heat nor bitter cold",
    "Near shade and accessible fruit",
    "Vessels brought around",
    "A fitting measure",
    "A cup with ginger",
    "The spring called Salsabil",
    "Like scattered pearls",
    "Bliss and abundant dignity",
    "Fine garments and a pure drink",
    "Your effort accepted",
    "The Quran sent down",
    "Patience without surrendering to wrong",
    "Remembrance morning and evening",
    "Devotion in the night",
    "The fleeting life and the weighty day",
    "Created and strengthened",
    "An invitation to the way",
    "Human willing and divine will",
    "Mercy and responsibility"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening asks the human being to remember a time before being known or mentioned. It introduces humility through the fact of existence itself. The chapter then asks how that received life should be lived.",
    "Creation is described together with testing and the gifts that enable response. The human being is neither self-created nor without responsibility. Read this beginning alongside the generous actions praised in the chapter’s middle passage.",
    "Guidance makes the way known, while gratitude and rejection remain contrasting responses. The verse connects knowledge with an ethical choice. Its place after creation suggests that recognizing a gift can change how one responds to it.",
    "The warning uses the imagery of restraint and burning. Carcans is an older English word for collars or neck restraints. This stark contrast prepares for the freedom and refreshment described in the following verses.",
    "The atmosphere changes from confinement to a cup offered to the righteous. Kafur is retained as a name in Pickthall’s translation. The imagery introduces a larger account of reward through refreshment, comfort and welcome.",
    "The spring flows abundantly for Allah’s servants. The scene presents provision without the struggle associated with obtaining water in ordinary life. It is a promise about the Hereafter, not a named earthly water source.",
    "The description of reward is followed by the conduct of its recipients. They honor commitments and take accountability seriously. Read forward to see that their concern for the coming day expresses itself in care for others.",
    "The needy, the orphan and the prisoner are explicitly included among those fed. The action is practical and directed toward vulnerable people. The verse names categories of recipients without identifying a single historical household here.",
    "The givers refuse to make gratitude or repayment a condition of help. Their stated purpose transforms the exchange: food is offered without creating a debt of praise. The verse invites reflection on the motives behind generosity.",
    "The speakers explain their concern about a difficult day. Their fear does not lead them to disregard other people; it accompanies feeding those in need. The surrounding verses hold inward accountability and outward compassion together.",
    "Brightness and joy answer the fearful expectation expressed by the givers. The change is both protection from harm and a positive welcome. Their care for others is now placed beside the care they receive.",
    "Patience is named as the conduct answered by garden and fine clothing. It includes sustained effort rather than a momentary gesture. The chapter moves from the difficulty of giving and enduring toward the ease of reward.",
    "Rest replaces strain, and comfort is described through freedom from extremes of heat and cold. The language draws on familiar bodily experience. It gives an accessible image of ease without turning Paradise into earthly geography.",
    "Shade comes near, and fruit is made accessible. These details continue the theme of provision without exhausting effort. The contrast matters after the passage about people who gave food despite the demands of their own lives.",
    "The description now attends to vessels and the serving of drink. Their beauty contributes to a scene of honor and hospitality. The image is offered through Quranic language rather than as an archaeological inventory.",
    "The unusual pairing of glass and silver asks the listener to imagine a beauty beyond ordinary materials. Measure adds the idea of fitting provision. The verse should not be reduced to a modern manufacturing description.",
    "Another cup is described with Zanjabil, commonly rendered ginger in the word aid. Its mention adds variety to the scene of refreshment. The promise is expressed through familiar names without claiming identical earthly experience.",
    "Salsabil names a spring within the promised garden. The chapter provides no earthly coordinates for it. An imagined flowing-water scene can reflect the verse’s atmosphere while keeping the distinction between illustration and the unseen.",
    "The attendants are compared with scattered pearls. The simile communicates beauty and abundance within the scene of hospitality. It does not give an earthly historical population to reconstruct or a license to portray named sacred figures.",
    "The accumulated details are gathered into an expansive statement about bliss and dignity. The listener is invited to take in the whole scene. Its scale answers the generosity that earlier appeared small and materially costly.",
    "Garments, bracelets and a pure drink continue the language of honor. The final gift is attributed directly to the Lord. The illustration can evoke cloth, vessels and water while leaving divine action without a human form.",
    "The welcome explicitly recognizes effort and calls it accepted. This brings the long description back to moral action. Acts of patience and generosity are not forgotten merely because their earthly recipients could offer no repayment.",
    "The chapter turns from the garden to the revelation being delivered. Its emphatic wording reassures the messenger about the source of the Quran. The following instructions describe patience and remembrance amid present opposition.",
    "Patience accompanies refusal to follow wrongdoing. The verse does not equate steadfastness with surrendering moral judgment to pressure. It addresses the messenger within the mission while offering readers a point for reflection about principled endurance.",
    "Morning and evening give remembrance a recurring rhythm. After the vast future scenes, the instruction is located within ordinary passing time. The verse invites a life in which attention is renewed rather than left to chance.",
    "Night extends the pattern of devotion beyond daylight activity. Prostration and glorification give the instruction bodily and spoken expression. Read it alongside patience: the chapter joins sustained public responsibility with inward and regular worship.",
    "Love of immediate life is contrasted with neglect of a weighty day. The problem is the scale of attention given to each. The verse asks what is pushed aside when present desires occupy the whole horizon.",
    "The argument returns to creation and the strengthening of the human frame. Those who feel secure are reminded of their dependence. The capacity to replace them places ordinary confidence within a much wider perspective.",
    "The message is called an admonition, and the listener is invited to choose a way toward the Lord. This follows both promise and warning. The invitation keeps the chapter addressed to a person capable of response.",
    "Human willingness is set within divine will, knowledge and wisdom. Read this together with the preceding invitation rather than as its cancellation. The closing sequence holds choice and dependence in the same field of reflection.",
    "Mercy concludes the chapter alongside responsibility for wrongdoing. The final contrast echoes the two responses introduced near the beginning. Its ending invites hope without treating moral conduct or the earlier warnings as unimportant."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 6,
      "title": "From an unremembered beginning",
      "summary": "Human creation, guidance and testing introduce the contrast between rejection and a refreshing reward.",
      "reflection": "How does remembering that life itself is a gift change your idea of gratitude?"
    },
    {
      "start": 7,
      "end": 12,
      "title": "Giving without asking for thanks",
      "summary": "The righteous keep their promises and feed the vulnerable without expecting repayment.",
      "reflection": "What would you give differently if recognition were no part of the return?"
    },
    {
      "start": 13,
      "end": 22,
      "title": "A welcome of shade and flowing water",
      "summary": "Rest, accessible fruit, beautiful vessels and accepted effort shape the promise of reward.",
      "reflection": "Which detail makes the chapter’s idea of welcome most vivid to you?"
    },
    {
      "start": 23,
      "end": 31,
      "title": "Patience through morning and night",
      "summary": "Revelation calls for steadfastness and regular remembrance within a life dependent on divine mercy.",
      "reflection": "What small rhythm of remembrance could support a larger responsibility?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before personal remembrance · a human beginning",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The opening points to a time before the human being was remembered. It gives no duration to place on a modern historical calendar; its purpose is reflection on existence and dependence.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/076.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Revelation period · classifications differ",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Quran.com’s chapter label says Medina, while its Ibn Ashur introduction favors a Makkan classification. This reader preserves the disagreement and does not assign an exact year or resolve it from the images.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-insan/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · the Hijrah period boundary",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "The Hijrah from Makkah to Madinah provides the boundary between Makkan and Madinan revelation periods. This is a historical reference point, not a date assigned to Al-Insan, whose classification is discussed differently in the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Prophet’s lifetime · Friday dawn recitation",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Ibn Abbas reports recitation of Al-Insan alongside As-Sajdah in Friday dawn prayer. The account records a worship practice, not a date for the chapter’s revelation.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:879a"
    },
    {
      "title": "Promised acceptance · beyond the calendar",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 13–22 describe welcome and the acceptance of effort. This future promise is not an event to be plotted as a dated earthly reign or civilization.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/076.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "revelation",
      "name": "Makkah and Madinah · differing classifications",
      "body": "The consulted chapter page displays a Madinan label and a Makkan view in its introduction. Neither is converted here into an exact house or street; the two cities remain broad traditional settings under discussion.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-insan/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "giving",
      "name": "A place of shared food · unnamed",
      "body": "The needy person, orphan and prisoner receive food in verse 8. No street, household or prison is named in the verse. The scene is an imagined act of care, not an identified historical residence.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/076.htm",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "salsabil",
      "name": "Salsabil · a spring of the Hereafter",
      "body": "Verse 18 gives the spring a name within the description of reward. It is not an earthly well that can be located on a map or photographed as evidence of the scene.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/076.htm",
      "image": 2
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "humanity",
      "title": "The human being · recipient of life and guidance",
      "body": "The opening addresses humanity through its beginning, capacities and response to guidance. It names no specific ancestor or child, and its reflection remains relevant to each reader.",
      "verse": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "givers",
      "title": "The generous · no repayment demanded",
      "body": "The righteous are described through fulfilled promises and food offered without demanding reward or thanks. These verses emphasize action and motive rather than providing names for every giver.",
      "verse": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "recipients",
      "title": "The needy, the orphan and the prisoner",
      "body": "Three vulnerable groups are expressly included in the act of feeding. The prisoner’s inclusion gives the generosity a striking breadth; the verse does not specify an individual captive or prison.",
      "verse": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "ibn-abbas",
      "title": "Ibn Abbas · transmitting the Friday practice",
      "body": "Muslim 879a records Ibn Abbas’s report about the Prophet’s recitation in Friday dawn prayer. This is transmitted worship history, distinct from the unnamed givers and recipients in the chapter.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:879a",
      "label": "Read Muslim 879a"
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "A disputed revelation classification",
      "body": "The consulted Quran.com page contains a Madinan metadata label and an introduction favoring a Makkan origin. The site therefore reports a disagreement instead of presenting one precise revelation date as settled.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-insan/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "More than one familiar name",
      "body": "The opening supplies both Al-Insan, the human being, and Ad-Dahr, time. Ma’arif al-Qur’an also records Al-Abrar, the righteous, as a name, reflecting the chapter’s movement from origin to moral conduct.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-insan/1/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "A place in Friday worship",
      "body": "The report from Ibn Abbas pairs Al-Insan with As-Sajdah at Friday dawn. Its Arabic opening identifies this surah; the English page’s Roman-numeral chapter annotation contains an apparent numbering slip.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:879a"
    },
    {
      "title": "The text’s account of giving",
      "body": "Verses 7–10 praise commitments, generosity and a motive free from demands for thanks. This reader keeps those explicit words distinct from later accounts identifying particular households or occasions.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/076.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Classification disputed: the consulted Quran.com page labels the chapter Madinan, while its Ibn Ashur introduction favors a Makkan origin. No exact year or named household of revelation is asserted."
}