{
  "number": 72,
  "slug": "jinn",
  "name": "Al-Jinn",
  "arabicName": "الجن",
  "meaning": "The Jinn",
  "period": "Makkan",
  "juz": 29,
  "tagline": "LISTENING, GUIDANCE & THE LIMITS OF KNOWLEDGE",
  "overview": "Unseen listeners hear the Quran and reconsider their beliefs. Their testimony distinguishes guidance from injustice, while the surah directs worship to Allah alone and carefully limits what any creature or messenger knows about the unseen.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_72.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=19"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=22"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=6"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=24"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=72&verse=27"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-jinn/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The listening at Nakhla · Bukhari 773",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:773"
    },
    {
      "title": "Places of worship · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-jinn/19/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE Hijrah boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "قُلْ أُوحِىَ إِلَىَّ أَنَّهُ ٱسْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلْجِنِّ فَقَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قُرْءَانًا عَجَبًۭا",
      "translation": "Say, [O Muhammad], \"It has been revealed to me that a group of the jinn listened and said, 'Indeed, we have heard an amazing Qur'an."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "يَهْدِىٓ إِلَى ٱلرُّشْدِ فَـَٔامَنَّا بِهِۦ ۖ وَلَن نُّشْرِكَ بِرَبِّنَآ أَحَدًۭا",
      "translation": "It guides to the right course, and we have believed in it. And we will never associate with our Lord anyone."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَٰلَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا ٱتَّخَذَ صَٰحِبَةًۭ وَلَا وَلَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And [it teaches] that exalted is the nobleness of our Lord; He has not taken a wife or a son"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا عَلَى ٱللَّهِ شَطَطًۭا",
      "translation": "And that our foolish one has been saying about Allah an excessive transgression."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ ٱلْإِنسُ وَٱلْجِنُّ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًۭا",
      "translation": "And we had thought that mankind and the jinn would never speak about Allah a lie."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلْإِنسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًۭا",
      "translation": "And there were men from mankind who sought refuge in men from the jinn, so they [only] increased them in burden."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا۟ كَمَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن لَّن يَبْعَثَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And they had thought, as you thought, that Allah would never send anyone [as a messenger]."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ فَوَجَدْنَٰهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًۭا شَدِيدًۭا وَشُهُبًۭا",
      "translation": "And we have sought [to reach] the heaven but found it filled with powerful guards and burning flames."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَٰعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ ۖ فَمَن يَسْتَمِعِ ٱلْءَانَ يَجِدْ لَهُۥ شِهَابًۭا رَّصَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And we used to sit therein in positions for hearing, but whoever listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for him."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا لَا نَدْرِىٓ أَشَرٌّ أُرِيدَ بِمَن فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ أَمْ أَرَادَ بِهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ رَشَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And we do not know [therefore] whether evil is intended for those on earth or whether their Lord intends for them a right course."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ كُنَّا طَرَآئِقَ قِدَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And among us are the righteous, and among us are [others] not so; we were [of] divided ways."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن نُّعْجِزَ ٱللَّهَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَن نُّعْجِزَهُۥ هَرَبًۭا",
      "translation": "And we have become certain that we will never cause failure to Allah upon earth, nor can we escape Him by flight."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعْنَا ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ ۖ فَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِرَبِّهِۦ فَلَا يَخَافُ بَخْسًۭا وَلَا رَهَقًۭا",
      "translation": "And when we heard the guidance, we believed in it. And whoever believes in his Lord will not fear deprivation or burden."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا ٱلْقَٰسِطُونَ ۖ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ تَحَرَّوْا۟ رَشَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And among us are Muslims [in submission to Allah], and among us are the unjust. And whoever has become Muslim - those have sought out the right course."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "وَأَمَّا ٱلْقَٰسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا۟ لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًۭا",
      "translation": "But as for the unjust, they will be, for Hell, firewood.'"
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "وَأَلَّوِ ٱسْتَقَٰمُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلطَّرِيقَةِ لَأَسْقَيْنَٰهُم مَّآءً غَدَقًۭا",
      "translation": "And [Allah revealed] that if they had remained straight on the way, We would have given them abundant provision"
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "لِّنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَمَن يُعْرِضْ عَن ذِكْرِ رَبِّهِۦ يَسْلُكْهُ عَذَابًۭا صَعَدًۭا",
      "translation": "So We might test them therein. And whoever turns away from the remembrance of his Lord He will put into arduous punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّ ٱلْمَسَٰجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدْعُوا۟ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And [He revealed] that the masjids are for Allah, so do not invoke with Allah anyone."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "وَأَنَّهُۥ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ يَدْعُوهُ كَادُوا۟ يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِ لِبَدًۭا",
      "translation": "And that when the Servant of Allah stood up supplicating Him, they almost became about him a compacted mass.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "قُلْ إِنَّمَآ أَدْعُوا۟ رَبِّى وَلَآ أُشْرِكُ بِهِۦٓ أَحَدًۭا",
      "translation": "Say, [O Muhammad], \"I only invoke my Lord and do not associate with Him anyone.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "قُلْ إِنِّى لَآ أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّۭا وَلَا رَشَدًۭا",
      "translation": "Say, \"Indeed, I do not possess for you [the power of] harm or right direction.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "قُلْ إِنِّى لَن يُجِيرَنِى مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدٌۭ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلْتَحَدًا",
      "translation": "Say, \"Indeed, there will never protect me from Allah anyone [if I should disobey], nor will I find in other than Him a refuge."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "إِلَّا بَلَٰغًۭا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِسَٰلَٰتِهِۦ ۚ وَمَن يَعْصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًا",
      "translation": "But [I have for you] only notification from Allah, and His messages.\" And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger - then indeed, for him is the fire of Hell; they will abide therein forever."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا رَأَوْا۟ مَا يُوعَدُونَ فَسَيَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ أَضْعَفُ نَاصِرًۭا وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدًۭا",
      "translation": "[The disbelievers continue] until, when they see that which they are promised, then they will know who is weaker in helpers and less in number."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "قُلْ إِنْ أَدْرِىٓ أَقَرِيبٌۭ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمْ يَجْعَلُ لَهُۥ رَبِّىٓ أَمَدًا",
      "translation": "Say, \"I do not know if what you are promised is near or if my Lord will grant for it a [long] period.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "عَٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ فَلَا يُظْهِرُ عَلَىٰ غَيْبِهِۦٓ أَحَدًا",
      "translation": "[He is] Knower of the unseen, and He does not disclose His [knowledge of the] unseen to anyone"
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "إِلَّا مَنِ ٱرْتَضَىٰ مِن رَّسُولٍۢ فَإِنَّهُۥ يَسْلُكُ مِنۢ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِۦ رَصَدًۭا",
      "translation": "Except whom He has approved of messengers, and indeed, He sends before each messenger and behind him observers"
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُوا۟ رِسَٰلَٰتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَىٰ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَدًۢا",
      "translation": "That he may know that they have conveyed the messages of their Lord; and He has encompassed whatever is with them and has enumerated all things in number."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"It has been revealed",
      "to me",
      "that",
      "listened",
      "a group",
      "of",
      "the jinn,",
      "and they said,",
      "\"Indeed, we",
      "heard",
      "a Quran",
      "amazing,"
    ],
    [
      "It guides",
      "to",
      "the right way,",
      "so we believe",
      "in it,",
      "and never",
      "we will associate",
      "with our Lord",
      "anyone."
    ],
    [
      "And that He -",
      "Exalted is",
      "(the) Majesty",
      "(of) our Lord -",
      "not",
      "He has taken",
      "a wife",
      "and not",
      "a son,"
    ],
    [
      "And that he",
      "used to",
      "speak -",
      "the foolish among us",
      "against",
      "Allah",
      "an excessive transgression."
    ],
    [
      "And that we",
      "thought",
      "that",
      "never",
      "will say",
      "the men",
      "and the jinn,",
      "against",
      "Allah",
      "any lie."
    ],
    [
      "And that",
      "(there) were",
      "men",
      "among",
      "mankind",
      "who sought refuge",
      "in (the) men",
      "from",
      "the jinn,",
      "so they increased them",
      "(in) burden."
    ],
    [
      "And that they",
      "thought",
      "as",
      "you thought",
      "that",
      "never",
      "will raise",
      "Allah",
      "anyone."
    ],
    [
      "And that we",
      "sought to touch",
      "the heaven",
      "but we found it",
      "filled (with)",
      "guards",
      "severe,",
      "and flaming fires."
    ],
    [
      "And that we",
      "used to",
      "sit",
      "there in",
      "positions",
      "for hearing,",
      "but (he) who",
      "listens",
      "now",
      "will find",
      "for him",
      "a flaming fire",
      "waiting."
    ],
    [
      "And that we -",
      "not",
      "we know",
      "whether evil",
      "is intended",
      "for (those) who",
      "(are) in",
      "the earth",
      "or",
      "intends",
      "for them",
      "their Lord",
      "a right path."
    ],
    [
      "And that [we]",
      "among us",
      "(are) the righteous",
      "and among us",
      "(are) other than",
      "that.",
      "We",
      "(are on) ways",
      "different."
    ],
    [
      "And that we",
      "[we] have become certain",
      "that",
      "never",
      "we will cause failure",
      "(to) Allah",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "and never",
      "we can escape Him",
      "(by) flight."
    ],
    [
      "And that [we]",
      "when",
      "we heard",
      "the Guidance",
      "we believed",
      "in it.",
      "And whoever",
      "believes",
      "in his Lord,",
      "then not",
      "he will fear",
      "any loss",
      "and not",
      "any burden."
    ],
    [
      "And that we,",
      "among us",
      "(are) Muslims",
      "and among us",
      "(are) unjust.",
      "And whoever",
      "submits,",
      "then those",
      "have sought",
      "(the) right path."
    ],
    [
      "And as for",
      "the unjust,",
      "they will be,",
      "for Hell,",
      "firewood.\""
    ],
    [
      "And that if",
      "they had remained",
      "on",
      "the Way,",
      "surely We (would) have given them to drink",
      "water",
      "(in) abundance,"
    ],
    [
      "That We might test them",
      "therein.",
      "And whoever",
      "turns away",
      "from",
      "the Remembrance",
      "(of) his Lord,",
      "He will make him enter",
      "a punishment",
      "severe."
    ],
    [
      "And that",
      "the masjids",
      "(are) for Allah,",
      "so (do) not",
      "call",
      "with",
      "Allah",
      "anyone."
    ],
    [
      "And that",
      "when",
      "stood up",
      "(the) slave",
      "(of) Allah",
      "calling (upon) Him,",
      "they almost",
      "became",
      "around him",
      "a compacted mass."
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Only",
      "I call upon",
      "my Lord,",
      "and not",
      "I associate",
      "with Him",
      "anyone.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Indeed, I",
      "(do) not",
      "possess",
      "for you",
      "any harm",
      "and not",
      "right path.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Indeed I,",
      "never",
      "can protect me",
      "from",
      "Allah",
      "anyone,",
      "and never",
      "can I find",
      "from",
      "besides Him",
      "any refuge."
    ],
    [
      "But",
      "(the) notification",
      "from",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messages.\"",
      "And whoever",
      "disobeys",
      "Allah",
      "and His Messenger,",
      "then indeed,",
      "for him",
      "(is the) Fire",
      "(of) Hell,",
      "(they will) abide",
      "therein",
      "forever."
    ],
    [
      "Until,",
      "when",
      "they see",
      "what",
      "they are promised,",
      "then they will know",
      "who",
      "(is) weaker",
      "(in) helpers",
      "and fewer",
      "(in) number."
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Not",
      "I know",
      "whether is near",
      "what",
      "you are promised",
      "or (whether)",
      "will appoint",
      "for it",
      "my Lord",
      "a (distant) term."
    ],
    [
      "(The) All-Knower",
      "(of) the unseen,",
      "so not",
      "He reveals",
      "from",
      "His unseen",
      "(to) anyone,"
    ],
    [
      "Except",
      "whom",
      "He has approved",
      "of",
      "a Messenger,",
      "and indeed, He",
      "makes to march",
      "from",
      "before",
      "him",
      "and from",
      "behind him",
      "a guard,"
    ],
    [
      "That He may make evident",
      "that",
      "indeed,",
      "they have conveyed",
      "(the) Messages",
      "(of) their Lord;",
      "and He has encompassed",
      "what",
      "(is) with them",
      "and He takes account",
      "(of) all",
      "things",
      "(in) number.\""
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "A remarkable recitation is heard",
    "Guidance and a new commitment",
    "The majesty of the Lord",
    "A false claim reconsidered",
    "Trust that proved misplaced",
    "Seeking refuge in the wrong place",
    "An assumption about return",
    "The guarded heaven",
    "Listening meets a barrier",
    "Admitting what is unknown",
    "Different paths among the listeners",
    "No escape by flight",
    "Guidance received without oppression",
    "Submission and injustice distinguished",
    "The consequence of injustice",
    "Abundant water on the path",
    "Provision as a test",
    "Worship belongs to Allah",
    "The servant stands in prayer",
    "Calling upon the Lord alone",
    "The messenger’s limited power",
    "No refuge apart from Allah",
    "The duty to convey",
    "When strength is measured differently",
    "The time is not disclosed",
    "The Knower of the unseen",
    "Revelation to a chosen messenger",
    "A message conveyed and fully known"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening reports that a group of jinn listened and responded with wonder. The knowledge reaches the messenger through revelation. Their appearance is not described, so the illustration evokes listening through a setting without depicting unseen creatures.",
    "The listeners connect the recitation with right guidance and a commitment to worship without partners. Hearing becomes a change in allegiance. The verse moves beyond admiration for beautiful sound toward the choices that follow attentive listening.",
    "The listeners reject attributing a spouse or child to their Lord. Divine majesty is expressed by removing those claims. The passage concerns belief and worship, without offering a physical description of the divine.",
    "The speakers recognize that a foolish voice among them made an excessive claim about Allah. No personal name is supplied here. The recognition shows a willingness to revise inherited assumptions after encountering the message.",
    "They had assumed that neither humans nor jinn would speak falsely about Allah. The admission exposes the weakness of trusting a claim merely because it is repeated. Careful listening now corrects an earlier confidence.",
    "The verse describes humans seeking refuge with jinn and an increase in burden or wrongdoing. Its concern is misplaced dependence. It is not an instruction to seek encounters, perform rituals, or attribute ordinary distress to unseen beings.",
    "A shared assumption is recalled about Allah not raising anyone. Pickthall supplies from the dead in parentheses as an interpretation. The reader preserves that distinction between the translated sentence and explanatory words added for English clarity.",
    "The speakers describe heaven as guarded and filled with fiery missiles. This belongs to their revealed testimony about the unseen. A night landscape may evoke the imagery, without claiming to reproduce an observed supernatural event.",
    "Former listening places no longer provide access. The change challenges the idea that hidden knowledge is freely available to creatures. The verse does not identify a modern meteor shower or a date that can be calculated from the sky.",
    "The speakers explicitly admit uncertainty about what is intended for people on earth. That admission is central to the chapter’s limits on unseen knowledge. Their experience has changed, but it does not make them all-knowing.",
    "The listeners describe moral variety among themselves. Some are righteous and others are not, with different paths followed. The chapter therefore presents jinn as accountable beings rather than a single undifferentiated source of evil.",
    "They recognize that neither remaining on earth nor fleeing can place them beyond Allah’s power. The language makes escape an inadequate answer to responsibility. Recognition of limits prepares for the positive response described next.",
    "Having heard guidance, they believe and speak of freedom from loss or oppression. The emphasis is the justice of the account. The verse offers reassurance without promising that every believer’s earthly life will be free of difficulty.",
    "Submission and injustice are distinguished among the speakers’ community. The phrase about seeking the right path gives their response purpose and direction. Moral responsibility remains personal even within a group sharing the same origin.",
    "The warning concerns those who are unjust. It follows the distinction in the previous verse, attaching consequence to conduct and response. The text supplies no named individual whose ultimate destiny a reader could identify.",
    "Abundant water introduces the relationship between a right course and provision. In the next verse, that provision is also a test. Reading the pair together prevents abundance from becoming a simple measure of spiritual success.",
    "What is given can test its recipients, while turning away from remembrance brings a warning. The verse links resources with responsibility. It invites attention to how a gift is used, rather than only how much is received.",
    "Worship is reserved for Allah. The commentary discusses both places of prayer and the act of prostration in explaining masajid. The central direction is undivided devotion, rather than a claim about one particular building.",
    "The servant of Allah stands calling upon Him, with people or listeners crowding around in the translated scene. The Arabic pronoun does not name the crowd here. The focus remains the act of worship and its response.",
    "The messenger is told to state his own practice clearly: he calls upon his Lord without associating partners. This returns the surah’s earlier testimony to a direct address. The same principle governs listener and messenger alike.",
    "The messenger does not claim independent control over the audience’s harm or guidance. His role is therefore distinguished from mastery over outcomes. The statement prepares the following emphasis on refuge and faithful conveyance.",
    "The speaker himself needs Allah’s protection and has no independent refuge. This deepens the limit stated in the preceding verse. Prophetic responsibility does not erase human dependence or turn the messenger into a rival source of divine power.",
    "The duty is to convey Allah’s messages, with a warning attached to disobedience. The passage joins limited personal power to serious responsibility. Faithful delivery matters precisely because the messenger does not control every listener’s response.",
    "The promised encounter will overturn confidence in numbers and allies. What appears powerful in the present is not the final measure. The verse leaves the audience to consider which forms of support can actually endure.",
    "The messenger explicitly does not know whether the promised event is near or distant. This establishes a boundary against confident predictions. The warning remains meaningful even when its calendar date is not disclosed.",
    "Knowledge of the unseen belongs to Allah. This statement answers the chapter’s recurring concern with listening, hidden information, and unsupported assumptions. It should be read with the next verse’s specific provision for revealed knowledge.",
    "A chosen messenger may receive what Allah discloses, accompanied by guarding. The exception concerns authorized revelation, not unrestricted access for anyone claiming hidden powers. The passage describes that protection without giving unseen guards an illustrated form.",
    "The closing verse emphasizes faithful delivery and knowledge encompassing everything involved. Nothing conveyed or held by the messengers falls outside that knowledge. The surah ends with an ordered account of revelation rather than speculation about secrets."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 7,
      "title": "The unseen listeners hear guidance",
      "summary": "A remarkable recitation leads its listeners to reject false claims and misplaced refuge, and to commit themselves to one Lord.",
      "reflection": "Which inherited assumption might change if you listened carefully enough to reconsider it?"
    },
    {
      "start": 8,
      "end": 15,
      "title": "A guarded heaven and different paths",
      "summary": "The speakers acknowledge limits to their knowledge, recognize moral differences among themselves, and choose a purposeful path.",
      "reflection": "How can admitting what you do not know become part of finding guidance?"
    },
    {
      "start": 16,
      "end": 19,
      "title": "Water, responsibility, and undivided worship",
      "summary": "Abundant water appears as a gift and a test, followed by the call to dedicate worship to Allah alone.",
      "reflection": "What responsibility comes with a resource or opportunity you have received?"
    },
    {
      "start": 20,
      "end": 28,
      "title": "Convey the message; leave the unseen with its Knower",
      "summary": "The messenger declares his dependence, duty to convey, and lack of a disclosed timetable; revelation is distinguished from speculation.",
      "reflection": "Where would an honest limit on your knowledge serve you better than a confident guess?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Makkan classification",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Al-Jinn is classified as Makkan. The year marks the Hijrah boundary, verified in the historical reference, rather than a precise date for this surah’s revelation.",
      "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "The listening at Nakhla · report without an exact date",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Bukhari 773 places the listening during dawn prayer on a journey toward the market of Ukaz. It supplies a narrative setting without a calendar date.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:773"
    },
    {
      "title": "The promised encounter · date undisclosed",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verse 25 expressly states that the messenger does not know whether the promised event is near or distant. No countdown is added.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/072.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · the period of the mission",
      "body": "The Makkan classification gives the broad setting of revelation. The chapter itself names no exact prayer building, street, or house.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-jinn/info",
      "image": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "nakhla",
      "name": "Nakhla · a reported listening place",
      "body": "Bukhari 773 names Nakhla on the journey toward Ukaz. The scene is a broad landscape reconstruction; the report does not establish an exact modern viewpoint for this reader.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:773",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "worship",
      "name": "Places of worship",
      "body": "Verse 18 concerns worship dedicated to Allah. The commentary discusses places of prayer and prostration; the pictured space is illustrative rather than a claim to show an original mosque.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-jinn/19/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran",
      "image": 2
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "jinn-listeners",
      "title": "The jinn who listened · unseen and unnamed",
      "body": "The group is known through its reported words, not a description of physical appearance. Its members recognize guidance and moral differences among themselves. None is given a portrait or a personal name here.",
      "verse": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "muhammad",
      "title": "Muhammad · a messenger who conveys",
      "body": "The closing declarations limit independent power and knowledge while affirming the responsibility to deliver revelation. The messenger is discussed through the text and is not depicted.",
      "verse": 23
    },
    {
      "id": "ibn-abbas",
      "title": "Ibn Abbas · transmitter of the Nakhla account",
      "body": "Bukhari 773 preserves Ibn Abbas’s report associating the listening with dawn prayer during travel. He belongs to the history of transmission rather than the surah’s unnamed group of listeners.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:773",
      "label": "Read the primary report"
    },
    {
      "id": "seekers-of-refuge",
      "title": "Humans seeking protection from jinn",
      "body": "Verse 6 describes a form of dependence that increases burden or wrongdoing. The warning concerns misplaced refuge, without diagnosing the experiences or health of any person today.",
      "verse": 6
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "Makkan setting; different proposed datings",
      "body": "The chapter introduction places the surah in the Makkan mission. This reader uses that broad classification and does not convert a proposed year within the mission into a settled revelation date.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-jinn/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "A dawn recitation on a journey",
      "body": "Bukhari 773 connects the opening with listening at Nakhla while the Prophet traveled toward Ukaz. This is a transmitted account, distinguished from a modern archaeological reconstruction.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:773"
    },
    {
      "title": "Why unseen beings remain unseen in the artwork",
      "body": "The Quran supplies testimony, beliefs, and actions of the listening jinn, but no visual description in this surah. Landscapes support the reading while the beings remain unpictured.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/072.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Worship and the limits of hidden knowledge",
      "body": "The chapter moves from listeners discovering their limits to the messenger stating his own. Its final account reserves unseen knowledge to Allah and distinguishes disclosed revelation from unsupported claims.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/072.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Makkan. The 622 CE milestone is the Hijrah period boundary, not an asserted revelation year. The Nakhla setting is attributed to Bukhari 773; no precise modern site, dated meteor event, jinn portrait, or prediction of the Hour is supplied."
}