{
  "number": 31,
  "slug": "luqman",
  "name": "Luqman",
  "arabicName": "لقمان",
  "meaning": "Luqman",
  "juz": 21,
  "period": "Makkan",
  "tagline": "WISDOM IN GRATITUDE, FAMILY & EVERYDAY MANNERS",
  "overview": "Luqman brings wisdom close to daily life: gratitude, care for parents, conscience, prayer, patience and modest speech. Creation's signs and the image of seas as ink widen the horizon around that intimate counsel. The closing verses remind readers that knowledge, control and even the closest human bonds have limits.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_31.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=18"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=25"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=31"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=27"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=33"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=32"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=21"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=20"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=34"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=10"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=5"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=15"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=31&verse=29"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah background · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/luqman/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Luqman's status and wisdom · Ibn Kathir",
      "url": "https://quran.com/31:12/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "Family pressure and kind companionship · Sahih Muslim 1748c",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:1748c"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    }
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Letters before the counsel",
    "A Book of wisdom",
    "Guidance with mercy",
    "Worship, giving and certainty",
    "A different measure of success",
    "Diversion used to mislead",
    "Pride that refuses to hear",
    "The promise of delight",
    "An enduring promise",
    "A panorama of provision",
    "What have the rivals created?",
    "Wisdom begins in gratitude",
    "A father's affectionate warning",
    "Remembering parents' care",
    "Conscience with continued kindness",
    "The smallest hidden deed",
    "Prayer, responsibility and patience",
    "Pride in an everyday gesture",
    "Moderation in movement and speech",
    "Gifts within and around us",
    "Examining inherited loyalties",
    "The firmest handhold",
    "Concern without control",
    "Comfort does not settle the outcome",
    "Recognition that should become gratitude",
    "The Owner who needs nothing",
    "Seas of ink cannot exhaust His words",
    "All humanity within divine power",
    "The sky's order and our conduct",
    "Reality beyond imagined rivals",
    "Ships and patient gratitude",
    "Sincerity in the storm and afterward",
    "Family love and personal accountability",
    "Knowledge beyond our horizon"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening letters introduce a Surah that will connect revelation with wisdom practiced in ordinary life. Their recited form remains intact without an invented numerical key. The following verses ask how guidance changes worship, generosity, gratitude and the way people treat one another.",
    "The Book is described through wisdom. This prepares the reader for teaching that reaches from creation to family conversation and public manners. Understanding is not presented as a separate achievement from conduct; the Surah will repeatedly bring them together.",
    "Guidance and mercy are directed toward those who do good. The pairing gives wisdom a constructive purpose: it should help a person live well rather than merely sound impressive. The opening promises care while also describing the response through which it is received.",
    "Prayer, giving the due of wealth and certainty about the Hereafter identify that response. The verse joins devotion, social obligation and ultimate accountability. These qualities keep belief from remaining only a private opinion or a claim disconnected from practical life.",
    "Guidance and success belong to the people just described. Success is therefore measured through their relationship with the Lord and their conduct, not simply through visible prosperity. The verse asks readers to consider which definition of achievement shapes their choices.",
    "Purchased diversion is condemned when it is used knowingly or carelessly to mislead and mock the divine path. The verse's context concerns obstruction of guidance. This short note does not turn a complex interpretive discussion into a blanket ruling on every kind of recreation.",
    "Pride makes the recited signs seem unheard. The image describes a chosen refusal within the narrative, not the worth of people with hearing disabilities. The verse asks whether a listener's certainty about themselves is preventing a fair encounter with the message.",
    "Faith accompanied by good deeds receives gardens of delight. The promise offers a constructive alternative to mockery and closed hearing. It ties hope to the direction of a life, while leaving the reality of the Hereafter beyond an earthly location.",
    "The promised dwelling endures because its source is true, mighty and wise. These qualities steady hope beyond fluctuating circumstances. The verse does not make present comfort the proof of the promise; it rests the promise on the character of the Giver.",
    "Heavens, mountains, living creatures and rain form a panorama of creation and provision. The verse invites recognition of a world that supports life. Its sacred description is not used here as a substitute for detailed geological explanation or a scientific map.",
    "The visible creation becomes a challenge to claims made for rival objects of worship. The question asks what they have brought into being. Gratitude and devotion are thus tested against the source of the gifts already described, rather than inherited assertion alone.",
    "Luqman receives wisdom and is called to gratitude. The Quran does not label him a prophet here; Ibn Kathir reports differing views, with the majority regarding him as a righteous wise man. The verse itself centers the benefit of thankfulness.",
    "Luqman addresses his son affectionately before warning against associating partners with Allah. The tone matters alongside the content: guidance is offered through a relationship of care. His counsel begins with the central allegiance that will shape the practical advice to follow.",
    "The address broadens to the care owed to parents, naming a mother's repeated hardship in carrying and nurturing a child. Gratitude to Allah and parents stands together. The verse makes often unseen labor part of moral remembrance and responsibility.",
    "A boundary against coerced religious compromise is paired with continued kindness to parents. Refusing an instruction does not require abandoning care. The verse gives room for conscience while preserving humane companionship, a balance especially important when family loyalties become difficult.",
    "Even an act as small as a mustard seed, hidden in rock or across creation, can be brought forth by Allah. The image joins minuteness with complete knowledge. It encourages integrity where consequences appear small or where no human witness is present.",
    "Prayer, encouraging right, resisting wrong and patience form a practical program for the son. Responsibility reaches both inward and outward. The final emphasis on determination recognizes that doing good can require endurance rather than immediate approval or an easy result.",
    "Scornful gestures and boastful walking reveal pride through the body. Luqman's instruction brings wisdom into ordinary encounters, where disdain can be communicated without words. The verse asks how another person's dignity is affected by one's manner of looking, moving and responding.",
    "Moderation in walking and a lowered voice complete the counsel on manners. The vivid comparison challenges harsh display, not the need to speak clearly. Wisdom includes how a message reaches others, rather than assuming that greater volume makes it more convincing.",
    "Gifts visible and hidden surround human life, yet argument can proceed without knowledge, guidance or an illuminating text. The verse asks for warranted understanding. A strong opinion gains no authority merely because the person expressing it speaks confidently or often.",
    "Inherited practice is offered as sufficient reason to reject revelation. The question challenges that automatic loyalty when it leads toward harm. Respect for one's parents and history can coexist with examining whether a particular inherited belief or action is sound.",
    "Surrender to Allah is joined to doing good and pictured as a firm handhold. Trust has both direction and expression. The image suggests steadiness amid uncertainty, while the final outcome remains with Allah rather than with a person's ability to control events.",
    "Muhammad is told not to be consumed by another's rejection. Their return and the disclosure of their deeds belong to Allah, who knows inward reality. The verse distinguishes faithful concern from the impossible task of controlling every person's response.",
    "Temporary comfort does not settle the final outcome. The verse interrupts the assumption that present ease proves a course is right. Its warning asks readers to look beyond the immediate reward of a choice and consider the direction in which it leads.",
    "The opponents acknowledge Allah as Creator when questioned. The verse asks why that recognition does not produce fuller understanding. A confession about the world's source becomes meaningful when it changes gratitude, devotion and the practical loyalties by which a person lives.",
    "Everything in heaven and earth belongs to Allah, who needs nothing and deserves praise. The statement places human possession within a larger dependence. Gratitude benefits the giver of thanks; it does not supply a lack in the One being praised.",
    "Trees as pens and seas as ink could not exhaust Allah's words. The image expands the reader's sense of knowledge beyond any finished collection. It encourages humility in learning without offering a literal inventory of books or a measure of divine speech.",
    "Creating and raising all people is compared with a single soul in relation to divine power. Numbers that overwhelm human ability do not limit the Creator. The verse answers doubt about resurrection while closing with complete hearing and knowledge.",
    "Night and day pass into one another, and sun and moon follow appointed courses. Divine knowledge also reaches human conduct. The verse joins vast natural order to personal accountability, preventing wonder at the sky from becoming detached from the life lived beneath it.",
    "The signs are grounded in Allah's reality and greatness, while invoked rivals lack the authority claimed for them. The verse draws its theological conclusion from the preceding reflections. It asks where devotion belongs once dependence and creation have been acknowledged.",
    "Ships moving through the sea display gifts that make a journey possible. Patient gratitude is named as the disposition that notices them. The verse encourages appreciation of human activity without forgetting the conditions and provisions that human skill does not create alone.",
    "Towering waves strip away competing loyalties, but safety can be followed by forgetfulness or inconsistency. The contrast tests the sincerity expressed under threat. A reader can ask whether remembered vulnerability continues to shape gratitude once ordinary life feels secure again.",
    "The warning addresses all people and places a limit even on the closest family bonds at judgment. Love does not transfer accountability. The verse urges reverence without letting worldly attractions or deceptive assurances make the promised meeting seem irrelevant.",
    "Knowledge of the Hour, rain, life in the womb, tomorrow's gain and the place of death is placed with Allah. The verse challenges claims to complete certainty about the unseen. Human observation and forecasting remain partial, rather than becoming divine omniscience."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 11,
      "title": "Guidance and the world that sustains us",
      "summary": "The wise Book guides toward worship, generosity and accountability. Diversion and pride obstruct listening, while creation challenges unsupported claims to divine power.",
      "reflection": "What deserves your attention, and what repeatedly distracts you from it?"
    },
    {
      "start": 12,
      "end": 19,
      "title": "A father's wisdom for daily life",
      "summary": "Luqman's counsel joins gratitude and devotion to care for parents, conscience, prayer, patience and respectful manners. The smallest hidden deed remains meaningful.",
      "reflection": "Which small change in speech or behavior would make care more visible to someone close to you?"
    },
    {
      "start": 20,
      "end": 34,
      "title": "The handhold, the sea and the limits of knowledge",
      "summary": "Inherited assumptions are tested against guidance. Signs in creation, an inexhaustible sea of words and perilous voyages lead toward humility about the future.",
      "reflection": "How can limited knowledge coexist with patient trust and responsible action?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · generally Makkan",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Quran.com classifies Luqman as Makkan while noting suggestions that certain verses are Madinan. This marker is the Hijrah boundary, not a precisely known year of revelation.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/luqman/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · a calendar boundary",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "The Hijrah is dated to 622 CE. It helps distinguish broad revelation periods without settling the differing reports about individual verses.",
      "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "Luqman's counsel · no lifetime date supplied",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 12–19 preserve wisdom and counsel without giving Luqman's reign, birthplace, lifespan or grave. This reader does not manufacture a dated biography.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/031.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Family pressure in a transmitted report",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Muslim 1748c connects verses 29:8 and 31:15 with Sa'd's account of pressure from his mother. The report preserves the combination of conscience and kind treatment without providing an exact date.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:1748c"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · broad revelation context",
      "body": "The generally Makkan classification provides geographic orientation. The map marks the city broadly; individual verses are not assigned an unverified revelation room.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/luqman/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "counsel-setting",
      "name": "The setting of Luqman's counsel",
      "body": "The Quran names Luqman and his son but not the place of their conversation. The illustration evokes intimate teaching without claiming a documented house, city or portrait.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/031.htm",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "sea",
      "name": "The open sea and its travelers",
      "body": "Verses 31–32 describe ships, waves and remembered dependence. No named vessel, port or historic storm is supplied, so the landscape remains general.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/031.htm",
      "image": 2
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "luqman",
      "title": "Luqman · wisdom with a qualified biography",
      "body": "The Quran says he received wisdom. Ibn Kathir records disagreement over prophethood and reports the majority view that he was a righteous wise man. This reader does not assert a settled birthplace or grave.",
      "url": "https://quran.com/31:12/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir",
      "label": "Read the traditional discussion"
    },
    {
      "id": "son",
      "title": "Luqman's son · addressed with care",
      "body": "The son is not named in the Quranic passage. Repeated affectionate address carries teaching about devotion, prayer, patience and manners; the relationship matters more here than an invented biography.",
      "verse": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "parents",
      "title": "Parents and the limits of obedience",
      "body": "Verses 14–15 honor parental care while refusing pressure toward false worship. Kind companionship remains explicit even when a particular demand cannot be followed.",
      "verse": 15
    },
    {
      "id": "sad",
      "title": "Sa'd · a reported family test",
      "body": "Muslim 1748c reports pressure from his mother to abandon faith and connects the response with Quranic instructions about conscience and kindness. This historical report is kept distinct from Luqman's earlier counsel.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:1748c",
      "label": "Read the primary report"
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "Wisdom made practical",
      "body": "The central counsel moves from gratitude and devotion to hidden deeds, public responsibility, walking and voice. It gives wisdom a form that can be recognized in daily treatment of other people.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/031.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "What is known about Luqman?",
      "body": "Ibn Kathir records differing traditional views and favors the majority description of a righteous wise man rather than a prophet. The Quran itself supplies wisdom and counsel, not a complete biography.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/31:12/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "A family bond can survive disagreement",
      "body": "Muslim 1748c gives a reported context for the paired requirements of refusing religious pressure and continuing good companionship. These requirements should be read together.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:1748c"
    },
    {
      "title": "The chapter's chronological limits",
      "body": "The introduction on Quran.com notes a Makkan classification with discussion of some individual verses. Neither that classification nor Luqman's story provides an exact calendar date for the counsel.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/luqman/info"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Generally Makkan, with some verses proposed as Madinan in traditional discussion. The 622 CE marker is only a period boundary. All verses are in Juz 21. Luqman's exact lifetime, prophetic status and burial place are not presented as settled facts.",
  "translationNote": "English translation: Sahih International, via AlQuran Cloud. Original source wording is preserved.",
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "الٓمٓ",
      "translation": "Alif, Lam, Meem."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "تِلْكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ",
      "translation": "These are verses of the wise Book,"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "هُدًۭى وَرَحْمَةًۭ لِّلْمُحْسِنِينَ",
      "translation": "As guidance and mercy for the doers of good"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلْءَاخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ",
      "translation": "Who establish prayer and give zakah, and they, of the Hereafter, are certain [in faith]."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًۭى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ",
      "translation": "Those are on [right] guidance from their Lord, and it is those who are the successful."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ ٱلْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍۢ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ مُّهِينٌۭ",
      "translation": "And of the people is he who buys the amusement of speech to mislead [others] from the way of Allah without knowledge and who takes it in ridicule. Those will have a humiliating punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَٰتُنَا وَلَّىٰ مُسْتَكْبِرًۭا كَأَن لَّمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِىٓ أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًۭا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ",
      "translation": "And when our verses are recited to him, he turns away arrogantly as if he had not heard them, as if there was in his ears deafness. So give him tidings of a painful punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّٰتُ ٱلنَّعِيمِ",
      "translation": "Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds - for them are the Gardens of Pleasure."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ وَعْدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقًّۭا ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ",
      "translation": "Wherein they abide eternally; [it is] the promise of Allah [which is] truth. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍۢ تَرَوْنَهَا ۖ وَأَلْقَىٰ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ رَوَٰسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍۢ ۚ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ فَأَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍۢ كَرِيمٍ",
      "translation": "He created the heavens without pillars that you see and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with you, and dispersed therein from every creature. And We sent down rain from the sky and made grow therein [plants] of every noble kind."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "هَٰذَا خَلْقُ ٱللَّهِ فَأَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِۦ ۚ بَلِ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ فِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ مُّبِينٍۢ",
      "translation": "This is the creation of Allah. So show Me what those other than Him have created. Rather, the wrongdoers are in clear error."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا لُقْمَٰنَ ٱلْحِكْمَةَ أَنِ ٱشْكُرْ لِلَّهِ ۚ وَمَن يَشْكُرْ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌۭ",
      "translation": "And We had certainly given Luqman wisdom [and said], \"Be grateful to Allah.\" And whoever is grateful is grateful for [the benefit of] himself. And whoever denies [His favor] - then indeed, Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَٰنُ لِٱبْنِهِۦ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُۥ يَٰبُنَىَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱلشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "And [mention, O Muhammad], when Luqman said to his son while he was instructing him, \"O my son, do not associate [anything] with Allah. Indeed, association [with him] is great injustice.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَوَصَّيْنَا ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ بِوَٰلِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُۥ وَهْنًا عَلَىٰ وَهْنٍۢ وَفِصَٰلُهُۥ فِى عَامَيْنِ أَنِ ٱشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَٰلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ ٱلْمَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "وَإِن جَٰهَدَاكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِۦ عِلْمٌۭ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا ۖ وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًۭا ۖ وَٱتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَىَّ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ",
      "translation": "But if they endeavor to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them but accompany them in [this] world with appropriate kindness and follow the way of those who turn back to Me [in repentance]. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "يَٰبُنَىَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍۢ مِّنْ خَرْدَلٍۢ فَتَكُن فِى صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ أَوْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا ٱللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "[And Luqman said], \"O my son, indeed if wrong should be the weight of a mustard seed and should be within a rock or [anywhere] in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and Acquainted."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "يَٰبُنَىَّ أَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأْمُرْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَٱنْهَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَٱصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَصَابَكَ ۖ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ ٱلْأُمُورِ",
      "translation": "O my son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over what befalls you. Indeed, [all] that is of the matters [requiring] determination."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "وَلَا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمْشِ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍۢ فَخُورٍۢ",
      "translation": "And do not turn your cheek [in contempt] toward people and do not walk through the earth exultantly. Indeed, Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "وَٱقْصِدْ فِى مَشْيِكَ وَٱغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنكَرَ ٱلْأَصْوَٰتِ لَصَوْتُ ٱلْحَمِيرِ",
      "translation": "And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most disagreeable of sounds is the voice of donkeys.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ تَرَوْا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَأَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُۥ ظَٰهِرَةًۭ وَبَاطِنَةًۭ ۗ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُجَٰدِلُ فِى ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍۢ وَلَا هُدًۭى وَلَا كِتَٰبٍۢ مُّنِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "Do you not see that Allah has made subject to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth and amply bestowed upon you His favors, [both] apparent and unapparent? But of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or an enlightening Book [from Him]."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱتَّبِعُوا۟ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ قَالُوا۟ بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ ءَابَآءَنَآ ۚ أَوَلَوْ كَانَ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ",
      "translation": "And when it is said to them, \"Follow what Allah has revealed,\" they say, \"Rather, we will follow that upon which we found our fathers.\" Even if Satan was inviting them to the punishment of the Blaze?"
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "۞ وَمَن يُسْلِمْ وَجْهَهُۥٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌۭ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ ۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلْأُمُورِ",
      "translation": "And whoever submits his face to Allah while he is a doer of good - then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold. And to Allah will be the outcome of [all] matters."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "وَمَن كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنكَ كُفْرُهُۥٓ ۚ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ",
      "translation": "And whoever has disbelieved - let not his disbelief grieve you. To Us is their return, and We will inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًۭا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍۢ",
      "translation": "We grant them enjoyment for a little; then We will force them to a massive punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ ٱللَّهُ ۚ قُلِ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ",
      "translation": "And if you asked them, \"Who created the heavens and earth?\" they would surely say, \"Allah.\" Say, \"[All] praise is [due] to Allah \"; but most of them do not know."
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْغَنِىُّ ٱلْحَمِيدُ",
      "translation": "To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and earth. Indeed, Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy."
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "وَلَوْ أَنَّمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقْلَٰمٌۭ وَٱلْبَحْرُ يَمُدُّهُۥ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ سَبْعَةُ أَبْحُرٍۢ مَّا نَفِدَتْ كَلِمَٰتُ ٱللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink], replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "مَّا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلَا بَعْثُكُمْ إِلَّا كَنَفْسٍۢ وَٰحِدَةٍ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌۢ بَصِيرٌ",
      "translation": "Your creation and your resurrection will not be but as that of a single soul. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Seeing."
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُولِجُ ٱلَّيْلَ فِى ٱلنَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِى ٱلَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ كُلٌّۭ يَجْرِىٓ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍۢ مُّسَمًّۭى وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Do you not see that Allah causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allah, with whatever you do, is Acquainted?"
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ ٱلْبَٰطِلُ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْعَلِىُّ ٱلْكَبِيرُ",
      "translation": "That is because Allah is the Truth, and that what they call upon other than Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Grand."
    },
    {
      "n": 31,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱلْفُلْكَ تَجْرِى فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ بِنِعْمَتِ ٱللَّهِ لِيُرِيَكُم مِّنْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍۢ شَكُورٍۢ",
      "translation": "Do you not see that ships sail through the sea by the favor of Allah that He may show you of His signs? Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful."
    },
    {
      "n": 32,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا غَشِيَهُم مَّوْجٌۭ كَٱلظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّىٰهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْبَرِّ فَمِنْهُم مُّقْتَصِدٌۭ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٍۢ كَفُورٍۢ",
      "translation": "And when waves come over them like canopies, they supplicate Allah, sincere to Him in religion. But when He delivers them to the land, there are [some] of them who are moderate [in faith]. And none rejects Our signs except everyone treacherous and ungrateful."
    },
    {
      "n": 33,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ وَٱخْشَوْا۟ يَوْمًۭا لَّا يَجْزِى وَالِدٌ عَن وَلَدِهِۦ وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَن وَالِدِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا ۚ إِنَّ وَعْدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقٌّۭ ۖ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُم بِٱللَّهِ ٱلْغَرُورُ",
      "translation": "O mankind, fear your Lord and fear a Day when no father will avail his son, nor will a son avail his father at all. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth, so let not the worldly life delude you and be not deceived about Allah by the Deceiver."
    },
    {
      "n": 34,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عِندَهُۥ عِلْمُ ٱلسَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ ٱلْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى ٱلْأَرْحَامِ ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌۭ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًۭا ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌۢ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍۢ تَمُوتُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌۢ",
      "translation": "Indeed, Allah [alone] has knowledge of the Hour and sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Alif Lam Meem."
    ],
    [
      "These",
      "(are) Verses",
      "(of) the Book",
      "the Wise,"
    ],
    [
      "A guidance",
      "and a mercy",
      "for the good-doers,"
    ],
    [
      "Those who",
      "establish",
      "the prayer",
      "and give",
      "zakah",
      "and they,",
      "in the Hereafter,",
      "[they]",
      "believe firmly."
    ],
    [
      "Those",
      "(are) on",
      "guidance",
      "from",
      "their Lord,",
      "and those",
      "[they]",
      "(are) the successful."
    ],
    [
      "And of",
      "the mankind",
      "(is he) who",
      "purchases,",
      "idle diversion",
      "of discourse",
      "to mislead",
      "from",
      "(the) path",
      "(of) Allah",
      "without",
      "knowledge,",
      "and takes it",
      "(in) ridicule.",
      "Those",
      "for them",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "humiliating."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "are recited",
      "to him",
      "Our Verses,",
      "he turns away",
      "arrogantly",
      "as if",
      "not",
      "he (had) heard them,",
      "as if",
      "in",
      "his ears",
      "(is) deafness.",
      "So give him tidings",
      "of a punishment",
      "painful."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "those who",
      "believe",
      "and do",
      "righteous deeds,",
      "for them",
      "(are) Gardens",
      "(of) Delight,"
    ],
    [
      "(To) abide forever",
      "in it.",
      "the promise of",
      "Allah",
      "(is) true.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the All-Mighty,",
      "the All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "He created",
      "the heavens",
      "without",
      "pillars",
      "that you see",
      "and has cast",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "firm mountains",
      "lest",
      "it (might) shake",
      "with you,",
      "and He dispersed",
      "in it",
      "from",
      "every",
      "creature.",
      "And We sent down",
      "from",
      "the sky",
      "water",
      "then We caused to grow",
      "therein",
      "of",
      "every",
      "kind",
      "noble."
    ],
    [
      "This",
      "(is the) creation",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "So show Me",
      "what",
      "have created",
      "those",
      "[from]",
      "besides Him",
      "Nay,",
      "the wrongdoers",
      "(are) in",
      "error",
      "clear."
    ],
    [
      "And verily,",
      "We gave",
      "Luqman",
      "the wisdom",
      "that,",
      "\"Be grateful",
      "to Allah.\"",
      "And whoever",
      "(is) grateful",
      "then only",
      "he is grateful",
      "for himself.",
      "And whoever",
      "(is) ungrateful,",
      "then indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) Free of need,",
      "Praiseworthy."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "said",
      "Luqman",
      "to his son",
      "while he",
      "(was) instructing him,",
      "\"O my son!",
      "(Do) not",
      "associate partners",
      "with Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "associating partners",
      "(is) surely an injustice",
      "great.\""
    ],
    [
      "And We have enjoined",
      "(upon) man",
      "for his parents -",
      "carried him",
      "his mother",
      "(in) weakness",
      "upon",
      "weakness,",
      "and his weaning",
      "(is) in",
      "two years",
      "that",
      "\"Be grateful",
      "to Me",
      "and to your parents;",
      "towards Me",
      "(is) the destination."
    ],
    [
      "But if",
      "they strive against you",
      "on",
      "that",
      "you associate partners",
      "with Me",
      "what",
      "not",
      "you have",
      "of it",
      "any knowledge,",
      "then (do) not",
      "obey both of them.",
      "But accompany them",
      "in",
      "the world",
      "(with) kindness,",
      "and follow",
      "(the) path",
      "(of him) who",
      "turns",
      "to Me.",
      "Then",
      "towards Me",
      "(is) your return,",
      "then I will inform you",
      "of what",
      "you used (to)",
      "do.\""
    ],
    [
      "\"O my son!",
      "Indeed it,",
      "if",
      "it be",
      "(the) weight",
      "(of) a grain",
      "of",
      "a mustard seed,",
      "and it be",
      "in",
      "a rock",
      "or",
      "in",
      "the heavens",
      "or",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "will bring forth",
      "it",
      "Allah",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Subtle,",
      "All-Aware."
    ],
    [
      "O my son!",
      "Establish",
      "the prayer",
      "and enjoin",
      "[with] the right",
      "and forbid",
      "from",
      "the wrong,",
      "and be patient",
      "over",
      "what",
      "befalls you.",
      "Indeed,",
      "that",
      "(is) of",
      "determination",
      "(in) affairs"
    ],
    [
      "And (do) not",
      "turn",
      "your cheek",
      "from men",
      "and (do) not",
      "walk",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "exultantly.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(does) not",
      "like",
      "every",
      "self-conceited",
      "boaster."
    ],
    [
      "And be moderate",
      "in",
      "your pace",
      "and lower",
      "[of]",
      "your voice.",
      "Indeed,",
      "(the) harshest",
      "(of all) sounds",
      "(is) surely (the) voice",
      "(of) the donkeys.\""
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "you see",
      "that",
      "Allah",
      "has subjected",
      "to you",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth",
      "and amply bestowed",
      "upon you",
      "His Bounties",
      "apparent",
      "and hidden?",
      "But of",
      "the people",
      "(is he) who",
      "disputes",
      "about",
      "Allah",
      "without",
      "knowledge,",
      "and not",
      "guidance",
      "and not",
      "a book",
      "enlightening."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "it is said",
      "to them,",
      "\"Follow",
      "what",
      "has revealed",
      "Allah",
      "they say,",
      "\"Nay,",
      "we will follow",
      "what",
      "we found",
      "on it",
      "our forefathers.\"",
      "Even if",
      "was",
      "Satan",
      "(to) call them",
      "to",
      "(the) punishment",
      "(of) the Blaze!"
    ],
    [
      "And whoever",
      "submits",
      "his face",
      "to",
      "Allah",
      "while he",
      "(is) a good-doer,",
      "then indeed,",
      "he has grasped",
      "the handhold",
      "the most trustworthy.",
      "And to",
      "Allah",
      "(is the) end",
      "(of) the matters."
    ],
    [
      "And whoever",
      "disbelieves,",
      "let not",
      "grieve you",
      "his disbelief.",
      "To Us",
      "(is) their return,",
      "then We will inform them",
      "of what",
      "they did.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) the All-Knower",
      "of what",
      "(is in) the breasts."
    ],
    [
      "We grant them enjoyment",
      "(for) a little,",
      "then",
      "We will force them",
      "to",
      "a punishment",
      "severe."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "you ask them,",
      "\"Who",
      "created",
      "the heavens",
      "and the earth?\"",
      "They will surely say,",
      "\"Allah.\"",
      "Say,",
      "\"All praises",
      "(are) for Allah.\"",
      "But",
      "most of them",
      "(do) not",
      "know."
    ],
    [
      "To Allah (belongs)",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah,",
      "He",
      "(is) Free of need,",
      "the Praiseworthy."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth",
      "of",
      "(the) trees",
      "(were) pens",
      "and the sea,",
      "(to) add to it",
      "[from]",
      "after it",
      "seven",
      "seas,",
      "not",
      "would be exhausted",
      "(the) Words",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Mighty,",
      "All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "(is) your creation",
      "and not",
      "your resurrection",
      "but",
      "as a soul",
      "single.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Hearer,",
      "All-Seer."
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "you see",
      "that",
      "Allah",
      "causes to enter",
      "the night",
      "into",
      "the day,",
      "and causes to enter",
      "the day",
      "into",
      "the night",
      "and has subjected",
      "the sun",
      "and the moon,",
      "each",
      "moving",
      "for",
      "a term",
      "appointed,",
      "and that",
      "Allah",
      "of what",
      "you do",
      "(is) All-Aware."
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "(is) because",
      "Allah,",
      "He",
      "(is) the Truth,",
      "and that",
      "what",
      "they call",
      "[from]",
      "besides Him",
      "(is) [the] falsehood,",
      "and that",
      "Allah,",
      "He",
      "(is) the Most High,",
      "the Most Great."
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "you see",
      "that",
      "the ships",
      "sail",
      "through",
      "the sea",
      "by (the) Grace",
      "(of) Allah",
      "that He may show you",
      "of",
      "His Signs?",
      "Indeed,",
      "in",
      "that",
      "surely (are) Signs",
      "for everyone",
      "(who is) patient,",
      "grateful."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "covers them",
      "a wave",
      "like canopies,",
      "they call",
      "Allah,",
      "(being) sincere",
      "to Him",
      "(in) religion.",
      "But when",
      "He delivers them",
      "to",
      "the land",
      "then among them",
      "(some are) moderate.",
      "And not",
      "deny",
      "Our Signs",
      "except",
      "every",
      "traitor",
      "ungrateful."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "mankind!",
      "Fear",
      "your Lord",
      "and fear",
      "a Day",
      "not",
      "can avail",
      "a father",
      "[for]",
      "his son",
      "and not",
      "a son,",
      "he",
      "(can) avail",
      "[for]",
      "his father",
      "anything.",
      "Indeed,",
      "(the) Promise",
      "(of) Allah",
      "(is) True,",
      "so let not",
      "deceive you",
      "the life",
      "(of) the world",
      "and let not",
      "deceive you",
      "about Allah",
      "the deceiver."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah,",
      "with Him",
      "(is the) knowledge",
      "(of) the Hour",
      "and He sends down",
      "the rain,",
      "and knows",
      "what",
      "(is) in",
      "the wombs.",
      "And not",
      "knows",
      "any soul",
      "what",
      "it will earn",
      "tomorrow,",
      "and not",
      "knows",
      "any soul",
      "in what",
      "land",
      "it will die.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) All-Knower",
      "All-Aware."
    ]
  ],
  "glossNote": "English word hints follow the Quranic Arabic Corpus. Where the Corpus repeats a phrase across adjacent Arabic words, it is divided into individual word meanings for hover and audio; these editorial splits are recorded in the source audit. Brackets identify connective or grammatical senses that English does not translate separately."
}