{
  "number": 74,
  "slug": "muddaththir",
  "name": "Al-Muddaththir",
  "arabicName": "المدثر",
  "meaning": "The Cloaked One",
  "juz": 29,
  "period": "Makkan; verse 31 timing discussed",
  "tagline": "RISE, WARN & REMEMBER WHAT MATTERS",
  "overview": "An intimate call to the cloaked messenger becomes a summons to warn, purify and endure. The chapter exposes proud calculation, joins prayer with feeding the vulnerable, and ends by asking why people flee a reminder that remains open to their response.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_74.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=15"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=22"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=31"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=38"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=44"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=50"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=74&verse=55"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The renewed revelation · Bukhari 4",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Patience and warning · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/11/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · Hijrah period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمُدَّثِّرُ",
      "translation": "O you who covers himself [with a garment],"
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ",
      "translation": "Arise and warn"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ",
      "translation": "And your Lord glorify"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ",
      "translation": "And your clothing purify"
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "وَٱلرُّجْزَ فَٱهْجُرْ",
      "translation": "And uncleanliness avoid"
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَلَا تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ",
      "translation": "And do not confer favor to acquire more"
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَلِرَبِّكَ فَٱصْبِرْ",
      "translation": "But for your Lord be patient."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ",
      "translation": "And when the trumpet is blown,"
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "فَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ",
      "translation": "That Day will be a difficult day"
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "عَلَى ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "For the disbelievers - not easy."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًۭا",
      "translation": "Leave Me with the one I created alone"
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُۥ مَالًۭا مَّمْدُودًۭا",
      "translation": "And to whom I granted extensive wealth"
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًۭا",
      "translation": "And children present [with him]"
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُۥ تَمْهِيدًۭا",
      "translation": "And spread [everything] before him, easing [his life]."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ",
      "translation": "Then he desires that I should add more."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "كَلَّآ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ لِءَايَٰتِنَا عَنِيدًۭا",
      "translation": "No! Indeed, he has been toward Our verses obstinate."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "سَأُرْهِقُهُۥ صَعُودًا",
      "translation": "I will cover him with arduous torment."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "إِنَّهُۥ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ",
      "translation": "Indeed, he thought and deliberated."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ",
      "translation": "So may he be destroyed [for] how he deliberated."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ",
      "translation": "Then may he be destroyed [for] how he deliberated."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ نَظَرَ",
      "translation": "Then he considered [again];"
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ",
      "translation": "Then he frowned and scowled;"
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ",
      "translation": "Then he turned back and was arrogant"
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "فَقَالَ إِنْ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا سِحْرٌۭ يُؤْثَرُ",
      "translation": "And said, \"This is not but magic imitated [from others]."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "إِنْ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا قَوْلُ ٱلْبَشَرِ",
      "translation": "This is not but the word of a human being.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ",
      "translation": "I will drive him into Saqar."
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا سَقَرُ",
      "translation": "And what can make you know what is Saqar?"
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "لَا تُبْقِى وَلَا تَذَرُ",
      "translation": "It lets nothing remain and leaves nothing [unburned],"
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "لَوَّاحَةٌۭ لِّلْبَشَرِ",
      "translation": "Blackening the skins."
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ",
      "translation": "Over it are nineteen [angels]."
    },
    {
      "n": 31,
      "arabic": "وَمَا جَعَلْنَآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَٰٓئِكَةًۭ ۙ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةًۭ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَيَزْدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًۭا ۙ وَلَا يَرْتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۙ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌۭ وَٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًۭا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَمَا هِىَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ",
      "translation": "And We have not made the keepers of the Fire except angels. And We have not made their number except as a trial for those who disbelieve - that those who were given the Scripture will be convinced and those who have believed will increase in faith and those who were given the Scripture and the believers will not doubt and that those in whose hearts is hypocrisy and the disbelievers will say, \"What does Allah intend by this as an example?\" Thus does Allah leave astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the soldiers of your Lord except Him. And mention of the Fire is not but a reminder to humanity."
    },
    {
      "n": 32,
      "arabic": "كَلَّا وَٱلْقَمَرِ",
      "translation": "No! By the moon"
    },
    {
      "n": 33,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذْ أَدْبَرَ",
      "translation": "And [by] the night when it departs"
    },
    {
      "n": 34,
      "arabic": "وَٱلصُّبْحِ إِذَآ أَسْفَرَ",
      "translation": "And [by] the morning when it brightens,"
    },
    {
      "n": 35,
      "arabic": "إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى ٱلْكُبَرِ",
      "translation": "Indeed, the Fire is of the greatest [afflictions]"
    },
    {
      "n": 36,
      "arabic": "نَذِيرًۭا لِّلْبَشَرِ",
      "translation": "As a warning to humanity -"
    },
    {
      "n": 37,
      "arabic": "لِمَن شَآءَ مِنكُمْ أَن يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ",
      "translation": "To whoever wills among you to proceed or stay behind."
    },
    {
      "n": 38,
      "arabic": "كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ",
      "translation": "Every soul, for what it has earned, will be retained"
    },
    {
      "n": 39,
      "arabic": "إِلَّآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلْيَمِينِ",
      "translation": "Except the companions of the right,"
    },
    {
      "n": 40,
      "arabic": "فِى جَنَّٰتٍۢ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ",
      "translation": "[Who will be] in gardens, questioning each other"
    },
    {
      "n": 41,
      "arabic": "عَنِ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ",
      "translation": "About the criminals,"
    },
    {
      "n": 42,
      "arabic": "مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِى سَقَرَ",
      "translation": "[And asking them], \"What put you into Saqar?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 43,
      "arabic": "قَالُوا۟ لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ ٱلْمُصَلِّينَ",
      "translation": "They will say, \"We were not of those who prayed,"
    },
    {
      "n": 44,
      "arabic": "وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ ٱلْمِسْكِينَ",
      "translation": "Nor did we used to feed the poor."
    },
    {
      "n": 45,
      "arabic": "وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ ٱلْخَآئِضِينَ",
      "translation": "And we used to enter into vain discourse with those who engaged [in it],"
    },
    {
      "n": 46,
      "arabic": "وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ",
      "translation": "And we used to deny the Day of Recompense"
    },
    {
      "n": 47,
      "arabic": "حَتَّىٰٓ أَتَىٰنَا ٱلْيَقِينُ",
      "translation": "Until there came to us the certainty.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 48,
      "arabic": "فَمَا تَنفَعُهُمْ شَفَٰعَةُ ٱلشَّٰفِعِينَ",
      "translation": "So there will not benefit them the intercession of [any] intercessors."
    },
    {
      "n": 49,
      "arabic": "فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ ٱلتَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ",
      "translation": "Then what is [the matter] with them that they are, from the reminder, turning away"
    },
    {
      "n": 50,
      "arabic": "كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌۭ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌۭ",
      "translation": "As if they were alarmed donkeys"
    },
    {
      "n": 51,
      "arabic": "فَرَّتْ مِن قَسْوَرَةٍۭ",
      "translation": "Fleeing from a lion?"
    },
    {
      "n": 52,
      "arabic": "بَلْ يُرِيدُ كُلُّ ٱمْرِئٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُؤْتَىٰ صُحُفًۭا مُّنَشَّرَةًۭ",
      "translation": "Rather, every person among them desires that he would be given scriptures spread about."
    },
    {
      "n": 53,
      "arabic": "كَلَّا ۖ بَل لَّا يَخَافُونَ ٱلْءَاخِرَةَ",
      "translation": "No! But they do not fear the Hereafter."
    },
    {
      "n": 54,
      "arabic": "كَلَّآ إِنَّهُۥ تَذْكِرَةٌۭ",
      "translation": "No! Indeed, the Qur'an is a reminder"
    },
    {
      "n": 55,
      "arabic": "فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُۥ",
      "translation": "Then whoever wills will remember it."
    },
    {
      "n": 56,
      "arabic": "وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ هُوَ أَهْلُ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ وَأَهْلُ ٱلْمَغْفِرَةِ",
      "translation": "And they will not remember except that Allah wills. He is worthy of fear and adequate for [granting] forgiveness."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "O you",
      "who covers himself!"
    ],
    [
      "Stand up",
      "and warn,"
    ],
    [
      "And your Lord",
      "magnify,"
    ],
    [
      "And your clothing",
      "purify,"
    ],
    [
      "And uncleanliness",
      "avoid,"
    ],
    [
      "And (do) not",
      "confer favor",
      "(to) acquire more,"
    ],
    [
      "And for your Lord",
      "be patient."
    ],
    [
      "Then when",
      "is blown",
      "in",
      "the trumpet,"
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "Day,",
      "(will be) a Day",
      "difficult,"
    ],
    [
      "For",
      "the disbelievers -",
      "not",
      "easy."
    ],
    [
      "Leave Me",
      "and whom",
      "I created",
      "alone,"
    ],
    [
      "And I granted",
      "to him",
      "wealth",
      "extensive,"
    ],
    [
      "And children",
      "present,"
    ],
    [
      "And I spread",
      "for him,",
      "ease."
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "he desires",
      "that",
      "I (should) add more."
    ],
    [
      "By no means!",
      "Indeed, he",
      "has been",
      "to Our Verses",
      "stubborn."
    ],
    [
      "Soon I will cover Him",
      "(with) a laborious punishment."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, he",
      "thought",
      "and plotted."
    ],
    [
      "So may he be destroyed,",
      "how",
      "he plotted!"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "may he be destroyed,",
      "how",
      "he plotted!"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "he looked;"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "he frowned",
      "and scowled;"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "he turned back",
      "and was proud,"
    ],
    [
      "Then he said,",
      "\"Not",
      "(is) this",
      "but",
      "magic",
      "imitated."
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "(is) this",
      "but",
      "(the) word",
      "(of) a human being.\""
    ],
    [
      "Soon I will drive him",
      "(into) Hell."
    ],
    [
      "And what",
      "can make you know",
      "what",
      "(is) Hell?"
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "it lets remain",
      "and not",
      "it leaves,"
    ],
    [
      "Scorching",
      "the human (skin)."
    ],
    [
      "Over it",
      "(are) nine-",
      "-teen."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "We have made",
      "keepers",
      "(of) the Fire",
      "except",
      "Angels.",
      "And not",
      "We have made",
      "their number",
      "except",
      "(as) a trial",
      "for those who",
      "disbelieve -",
      "that may be certain",
      "those who",
      "were given",
      "the Scripture",
      "and may increase",
      "those who",
      "believe",
      "(in) faith,",
      "and not",
      "may doubt",
      "those who",
      "were given",
      "the Scripture",
      "and the believers,",
      "and that may say",
      "those",
      "in",
      "their hearts",
      "(is) a disease",
      "and the disbelievers",
      "\"What",
      "(does) intend",
      "Allah",
      "by this",
      "example?\"",
      "Thus",
      "does let go astray",
      "Allah",
      "whom",
      "He wills",
      "and guides",
      "whom",
      "He wills.",
      "And none",
      "knows",
      "(the) hosts",
      "(of) your Lord",
      "except",
      "Him.",
      "And not",
      "it",
      "(is) but",
      "a reminder",
      "to (the) human beings."
    ],
    [
      "Nay!",
      "By the moon,"
    ],
    [
      "And the night",
      "when",
      "it departs,"
    ],
    [
      "And the morning",
      "when",
      "it brightens,"
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, it",
      "(is) surely one",
      "(of) the greatest,"
    ],
    [
      "A warning",
      "to (the) human being,"
    ],
    [
      "To whoever",
      "wills",
      "among you",
      "to",
      "proceed",
      "or",
      "stay behind."
    ],
    [
      "Every",
      "soul,",
      "for what",
      "it has earned,",
      "(is) pledged,"
    ],
    [
      "Except",
      "(the) companions",
      "(of) the right,"
    ],
    [
      "In",
      "Gardens,",
      "asking each other,"
    ],
    [
      "About",
      "the criminals,"
    ],
    [
      "\"What",
      "led you",
      "into",
      "Hell?\""
    ],
    [
      "They will say,",
      "\"Not",
      "we were",
      "of",
      "those who prayed,"
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "we used to",
      "feed",
      "the poor,"
    ],
    [
      "And we used to",
      "indulge in vain talk",
      "with",
      "the vain talkers,"
    ],
    [
      "And we used to",
      "deny",
      "(the) Day",
      "(of) the Judgment,"
    ],
    [
      "Until,",
      "came to us",
      "the certainty.\""
    ],
    [
      "Then not",
      "will benefit them",
      "intercession",
      "(of) the intercessors."
    ],
    [
      "Then what",
      "(is) for them,",
      "(that) from",
      "the Reminder",
      "they (are) turning away"
    ],
    [
      "As if they (were)",
      "donkeys",
      "frightened,"
    ],
    [
      "Fleeing",
      "from",
      "a lion?"
    ],
    [
      "Nay!",
      "Desires",
      "every",
      "person",
      "of them",
      "that",
      "he may be given",
      "pages",
      "spread out."
    ],
    [
      "Nay!",
      "But",
      "not",
      "they fear",
      "the Hereafter."
    ],
    [
      "Nay!",
      "Indeed, it",
      "(is) a Reminder."
    ],
    [
      "So whoever",
      "wills,",
      "(may) pay heed to it."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "will pay heed",
      "except",
      "that",
      "wills",
      "Allah.",
      "He",
      "(is) worthy",
      "to be feared,",
      "and worthy",
      "to forgive."
    ]
  ],
  "translationNote": "English translation: Sahih International, via AlQuran Cloud. Original source wording is preserved.",
  "titles": [
    "The one wrapped in a cloak",
    "Rise and warn",
    "Magnify your Lord",
    "Purify your clothing",
    "Leave defilement",
    "Giving without seeking more",
    "Patience for your Lord",
    "When the trumpet sounds",
    "A day of difficulty",
    "No easy day for denial",
    "The one created alone",
    "Wealth bestowed",
    "Sons close at hand",
    "A life made comfortable",
    "Still wanting more",
    "Stubborn before the signs",
    "A burdensome ascent",
    "Thinking and calculating",
    "A plan condemned",
    "The condemnation repeated",
    "Looking again",
    "A frown of displeasure",
    "Turning away in pride",
    "Calling the message magic",
    "Calling it human speech",
    "The burning called Saqar",
    "What can convey its reality?",
    "Leaving nothing untouched",
    "A searing warning",
    "Nineteen",
    "The keepers and the test",
    "An oath by the moon",
    "The departing night",
    "The brightening dawn",
    "One of the greatest warnings",
    "A warning to humanity",
    "Advance or hold back",
    "Every soul and its deeds",
    "Those on the right",
    "A question in the gardens",
    "Asking about the guilty",
    "What brought you here?",
    "The neglect of prayer",
    "The hungry left unfed",
    "Joining in empty talk",
    "Denying the Day of Judgment",
    "Until certainty arrived",
    "Intercession cannot rescue this response",
    "Turning away from the reminder",
    "Like startled wild donkeys",
    "Fleeing from a lion",
    "Demanding a private revelation",
    "The deeper refusal",
    "This is a reminder",
    "Whoever wills may remember",
    "Reverence and forgiveness"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The chapter opens with an intimate address to the person wrapped in a cloak. The transmitted context identifies Muhammad. The words move quickly from this quiet moment toward the public responsibility announced next.",
    "The command is brief and active: rise and warn. It marks a movement from being wrapped up to carrying responsibility. The task concerns delivering a message whose consequences the rest of the chapter unfolds.",
    "Magnifying the Lord centers the mission on divine greatness. It precedes instructions about personal conduct, giving the outward task an inward orientation. The verse invites the reader to consider what receives the highest place in attention.",
    "Purifying clothing gives the opening commands a concrete expression. The wider sequence also concerns the bearer’s conduct and devotion. The reader can appreciate the direct wording without reducing the entire mission to outward appearance.",
    "The command is to leave defilement behind. Pickthall uses pollution, an older rendering that can be broader than environmental dirt. Read it with the surrounding instructions about worship, purity and a changed course of life.",
    "Giving is separated from seeking greater return. The command challenges the use of favor as a way to increase one’s own advantage. The site corrects an obvious spelling error in its public-domain English source here.",
    "Patience is directed toward the Lord rather than immediate social approval. It completes the opening instructions before the warning expands. The commentary treats this endurance as relevant to the opposition the messenger would face.",
    "The sounding of the trumpet introduces the coming day. Its effect is the focus of the next two verses. The scene belongs to the chapter’s account of judgment and is not a dated historical alarm.",
    "The day is described through difficulty. The compact line gives weight to the sound introduced just before it. Its force is understood through the account of responsibility that develops across the chapter.",
    "The warning is made specific to those who reject the message. The verse completes the opening sequence about the trumpet and the difficult day. It prepares the transition to an example of proud resistance.",
    "The address turns to someone originally created alone. The following verses contrast that beginning with later wealth and influence. The Quran does not name him here; the identification with Al-Walid belongs to commentary.",
    "Material means are presented as gifts bestowed, not evidence of complete independence. The argument begins by recalling what the person received. It will expose the distance between abundance and a grateful response to revelation.",
    "Sons nearby add family presence to the account of advantage. The verse describes a secure social position without naming each family member. Its place in the sequence emphasizes the extent of what was given.",
    "Life is described as made smooth and comfortable. This completes the account of favorable circumstances before the response is examined. The reader is invited to distinguish receiving ease from recognizing its source.",
    "The desire for more remains despite the abundance already described. The short sentence exposes a demand without an apparent stopping point. Read it against the preceding list of gifts to hear its moral tension.",
    "Stubbornness before the signs answers the expectation of further increase. The issue is the person’s response, not wealth considered by itself. The chapter links inward resistance with the calculations and words that follow.",
    "A burdensome outcome is announced in answer to that resistance. The word aid preserves an image of difficult ascent while Pickthall renders fearful doom. The note keeps translation choices visible without inventing a physical location.",
    "The account slows down to thinking and calculating. These ordinary capacities are shown serving rejection rather than inquiry. The verse invites readers to consider how reasoning can be directed by a decision already preferred.",
    "The planning is condemned in a forceful interruption. The line judges the purpose toward which thought has been directed. It is followed by repetition, emphasizing the seriousness of deliberately shaping a misleading response.",
    "The condemnation is repeated before the narrative continues. Its doubled form gives a pause to the act of planning. Listening to the sequence reveals how repetition exposes the weight of what might otherwise seem private calculation.",
    "A look follows the internal planning. This small movement begins a sequence of visible expressions and actions. The chapter’s close attention shows how an inward decision can gradually become an outward public posture.",
    "The face registers displeasure through a frown. It continues the carefully paced account of response to revelation. The verse presents resistance in recognizable human gestures without requiring an authenticated portrait of the person.",
    "Turning away is joined to pride. The movement is no longer simply the examination of a message. Read this beside the earlier calculation to see how thought, expression and self-regard combine in the account.",
    "The message is dismissed as inherited magic. The accusation appears as the outcome of the preceding calculation and pride. The verse records what the opponent says, not the Quran’s own description of revelation.",
    "The accusation is restated as merely human speech. This completes the account of dismissal before the warning resumes. The sequence asks the listener to notice how a preferred explanation can be used to evade a message.",
    "Saqar enters the Arabic as the name of the burning punishment. Pickthall translates its force rather than retaining the name. The scene is a warning about the Hereafter, not an earthly furnace to identify.",
    "A question pauses the listener before further description. It signals that a familiar English word cannot exhaust the reality being warned about. The following verses intensify the account through its consuming and searing effects.",
    "The warning stresses that nothing is left untouched or spared. Its paired clauses give the line severity and completeness. The artwork should evoke the atmosphere without turning the suffering of bodies into spectacle.",
    "The searing effect is described in a short, forceful line. Read it within the warning rather than as a detail to reconstruct graphically. The ethical purpose remains the response to revelation and responsibility.",
    "A number is given without immediate explanation. The next verse identifies the keepers and discusses why the number becomes a test. Reading them together prevents this isolated line from becoming an invitation to speculative numerology.",
    "The long verse explains the keepers as angels and describes differing responses to their number. It ends by reserving knowledge of the Lord’s hosts to Him. The reminder’s purpose takes precedence over attempts to depict or enumerate the unseen.",
    "The moon begins a fresh series of oaths after the extended explanation. Its familiar presence changes the pace of the chapter. The following night and dawn move the listener through a visible sequence of time.",
    "Night is pictured as withdrawing. The image introduces transition rather than permanence, and prepares for the dawn. Read the three oaths together to hear the movement from a luminous sign through darkness toward light.",
    "The brightening dawn completes the short sequence. A familiar daily change becomes the setting for a renewed warning. The illustration may use natural light and landscape without claiming a particular sunrise witnessed at revelation.",
    "The warning is declared to be among the greatest matters. It follows the oaths by moon, night and dawn, giving their movement a destination. The listener is called to seriousness rather than fascination alone.",
    "The address expands to humanity. This brief line identifies the warning’s audience beyond the one opponent described earlier. The chapter therefore leaves space for every reader to consider how the reminder bears on their own life.",
    "Advancing and holding back describe contrasting responses. The warning is not presented as information without consequence. The verse asks the listener to recognize that moving toward or away from it has moral significance.",
    "Every soul is bound to its own deeds. The image of a pledge emphasizes responsibility that cannot simply be displaced. Read it alongside the following exception and dialogue, which develop the chapter’s account of outcomes.",
    "Those on the right are distinguished from the preceding condition. The next lines place them in gardens and show them asking questions. The verse introduces a hopeful contrast within the extended warning.",
    "The gardens become the setting for a conversation rather than only a landscape of comfort. The people there ask about another outcome. This shift directs attention from appearances to the conduct behind the contrast.",
    "The subject of the questioning is the guilty. This very short verse belongs grammatically and narratively with its neighbors. Reading the three lines together preserves the dialogue rather than leaving this fragment isolated.",
    "The question asks what brought them to the burning. It directs attention toward causes rather than merely describing punishment. The answer will name both worship neglected and vulnerable people left without help.",
    "The first admission concerns prayer. It is part of a larger answer, not the only failure named. Read on to hear how the chapter places relationship to the Lord beside practical responsibility toward other people.",
    "The hungry were not fed. This admission follows the neglect of prayer without treating social care as an unrelated subject. The chapter connects worship and compassion within a single account of moral failure.",
    "The speakers describe joining others in empty or wrongful talk. Shared behavior can make an action feel ordinary without making it harmless. The verse invites reflection on what participation in a group can normalize.",
    "Denial of the Day of Judgment is added to the account. It helps explain the outlook accompanying the preceding conduct. The dialogue joins belief, speech and action rather than presenting them as entirely separate compartments.",
    "Certainty arrives after the life of denial described in the answer. The line marks an end to postponement and dismissal. It recalls the chapter’s insistence that a warning matters before its outcome is directly faced.",
    "Intercession does not benefit those described in this dialogue. The verse closes their account of persistent neglect and denial. It should be read in that setting rather than detached into an unqualified claim about every other passage.",
    "The chapter returns to its present audience and asks why they turn away. The reminder has described both conduct and consequence. The question places responsibility with the hearer rather than treating refusal as a neutral reaction.",
    "Startled wild donkeys supply the first half of a vivid comparison. The image depicts the manner of fleeing, not a literal change of people into animals. The next verse completes the comparison’s motion.",
    "A lion supplies the cause of flight in Pickthall’s rendering. The picture makes avoidance vivid and immediate. It exposes the irony of treating a reminder as something from which one must instinctively escape.",
    "The demand shifts toward receiving separate open pages. The chapter presents an expectation of personally tailored proof. The verse invites reflection on whether a new condition is being used to postpone responding to an existing message.",
    "The deeper issue is stated as a lack of concern for the Hereafter. This follows the demand for separate pages. The passage asks the listener to look beneath outward objections toward the priorities that sustain them.",
    "The message is affirmed again as a reminder. After accusation, warning and questions, its purpose remains available to the listener. The repetition returns attention to response rather than leaving the chapter at the image of flight.",
    "Whoever wills may take heed. The invitation follows the severe warning without closing the possibility of response. The next verse places this human willing within divine will and the possibility of forgiveness.",
    "The chapter ends with divine will, reverence and forgiveness. Pickthall’s fount language expresses the One worthy of fear and able to forgive. The final word keeps the warning connected with mercy and return."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 10,
      "title": "The call to rise and warn",
      "summary": "The cloaked messenger receives commands of worship, purity, generosity and patience before the warning of a difficult day.",
      "reflection": "What helps you move from private intention to a responsibility that requires action?"
    },
    {
      "start": 11,
      "end": 31,
      "title": "Comfort, calculation and the test of pride",
      "summary": "A life of gifts meets stubborn rejection, while the warning about Saqar exposes the limits of human certainty.",
      "reflection": "When does the wish to protect a position begin to shape the reasons you give?"
    },
    {
      "start": 32,
      "end": 48,
      "title": "Moon, dawn and the deeds we carry",
      "summary": "Celestial oaths introduce responsibility, then a dialogue joins neglected prayer with failure to feed the hungry.",
      "reflection": "How do worship, speech and practical care belong together in your daily life?"
    },
    {
      "start": 49,
      "end": 56,
      "title": "Why flee from the reminder?",
      "summary": "A startling image of flight challenges avoidance, and the final invitation returns to remembrance and forgiveness.",
      "reflection": "What reminder do you resist even when you recognize that it deserves attention?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Early mission · after a pause in revelation",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Jabir’s report connects the opening verses with revelation resuming after a pause. It gives no exact length for that pause or calendar date for the command to rise and warn. The year 622 marks the Hijrah boundary of the Makkan period; it is not an assigned revelation year for this passage.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Opposition in Makkah · the proud critic",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The introduction associates the rejecting figure with Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah. The verses themselves do not name him, and this reader assigns no exact meeting date or reconstructed conversation beyond the text.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Verse 31 · its later timing discussed",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The introduction notes that verse 31 is considered later and records a suggested Madinan setting. No exact year is asserted; the chapter remains broadly classified as Makkan.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "The day of accountability · beyond a calendar",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The trumpet, Saqar and the dialogue about deeds describe the chapter’s future horizon. Their purpose is warning and reflection, not a date to calculate from the number nineteen.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/074.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · the mission’s broad setting",
      "body": "The chapter is placed in the early Makkan mission. Its opening call belongs to that setting without identifying a particular surviving house or the spot where every verse was received.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "home",
      "name": "A return home · the transmitted opening account",
      "body": "Jabir’s report describes the Prophet returning home and asking to be covered before the opening verses were revealed. It does not supply a modern building identification; no prophet or angel is depicted.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "saqar",
      "name": "Saqar and the gardens · beyond earthly mapping",
      "body": "The contrasting scenes belong to judgment and reward. Their names and descriptions are not coordinates for an earthly fire or garden; the artwork remains an imaginative response to the passage.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/074.htm",
      "image": 2
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "muhammad",
      "title": "Muhammad · addressed as the cloaked one",
      "body": "The opening summons the messenger to rise and warn. Jabir’s transmitted account connects the address with renewed revelation after a pause; this context is described without a portrait of the Prophet.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4",
      "label": "Read Bukhari 4"
    },
    {
      "id": "walid",
      "title": "Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah · a commentary identification",
      "body": "The introduction associates the prosperous critic with Al-Walid. The Quranic passage itself leaves him unnamed, so his identification is presented as commentary rather than inserted into the verse translation.",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/info",
      "label": "Read the chapter introduction"
    },
    {
      "id": "hungry",
      "title": "The hungry · a neglected responsibility",
      "body": "In the dialogue about wrongdoing, failure to feed those in need appears directly after failure to pray. The verse gives practical care a central place and names no single historical recipient.",
      "verse": 44
    },
    {
      "id": "right",
      "title": "Those on the right · asking about deeds",
      "body": "The people in the gardens ask what led others to Saqar. Their conversation turns the listener’s attention from contrasting scenes toward the choices, omissions and denials behind them.",
      "verse": 39
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "A report about the opening commands",
      "body": "Bukhari 4 transmits Jabir’s account of the opening verses following a pause in revelation. This supports the early mission context without requiring all 56 verses to have arrived on one occasion.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Patience as sustained responsibility",
      "body": "Ma’arif al-Qur’an explains the command to endure in connection with the opposition expected during the mission. This reading links patience to continuing the task while controlling one’s response to hardship.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-muddaththir/11/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "An unnamed figure and later identification",
      "body": "The text describes wealth, sons, calculation and pride. Al-Walid’s name comes from commentary. The distinction prevents an imagined wealthy courtyard from being presented as his authenticated residence or a historical portrait.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/074.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Nineteen within the explanation that follows",
      "body": "Verse 31 explains the keepers and differing responses to their number, then states that the Lord alone knows His hosts. The passage supplies no basis here for a modern end-date calculation.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/074.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Broadly Makkan, with the opening linked to renewed revelation after a pause. The timing and possible Madinan setting of verse 31 are discussed in the introduction. No exact year is asserted."
}