{
  "number": 67,
  "slug": "mulk",
  "name": "Al-Mulk",
  "arabicName": "الملك",
  "meaning": "Sovereignty",
  "juz": 29,
  "period": "Makkan",
  "tagline": "LOOK AGAIN AT THE SKY, THE BIRD & THE WATER",
  "overview": "Sovereignty over life and death frames an invitation to look carefully at creation. The chapter moves between responsibility and mercy, then returns to birds, the walkable earth and drinking water, asking how secure and independent human life really is.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_67.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=3"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=5"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=8"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=10"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=15"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=17"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=19"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=21"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=26"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=30"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-mulk/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "The thirty-verse surah · Tirmidhi 2891",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2891"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "تَبَٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌ",
      "translation": "Blessed is He in whose hand is dominion, and He is over all things competent -"
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلْمَوْتَ وَٱلْحَيَوٰةَ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًۭا ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْغَفُورُ",
      "translation": "[He] who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed - and He is the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving -"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَٰوَٰتٍۢ طِبَاقًۭا ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ مِن تَفَٰوُتٍۢ ۖ فَٱرْجِعِ ٱلْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍۢ",
      "translation": "[And] who created seven heavens in layers. You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency. So return [your] vision [to the sky]; do you see any breaks?"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ ٱرْجِعِ ٱلْبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ يَنقَلِبْ إِلَيْكَ ٱلْبَصَرُ خَاسِئًۭا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Then return [your] vision twice again. [Your] vision will return to you humbled while it is fatigued."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنْيَا بِمَصَٰبِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَٰهَا رُجُومًۭا لِّلشَّيَٰطِينِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِيرِ",
      "translation": "And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is thrown at the devils and have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَلِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "And for those who disbelieved in their Lord is the punishment of Hell, and wretched is the destination."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "إِذَآ أُلْقُوا۟ فِيهَا سَمِعُوا۟ لَهَا شَهِيقًۭا وَهِىَ تَفُورُ",
      "translation": "When they are thrown into it, they hear from it a [dreadful] inhaling while it boils up."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ ٱلْغَيْظِ ۖ كُلَّمَآ أُلْقِىَ فِيهَا فَوْجٌۭ سَأَلَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَآ أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "It almost bursts with rage. Every time a company is thrown into it, its keepers ask them, \"Did there not come to you a warner?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "قَالُوا۟ بَلَىٰ قَدْ جَآءَنَا نَذِيرٌۭ فَكَذَّبْنَا وَقُلْنَا مَا نَزَّلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَىْءٍ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا فِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ كَبِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "They will say,\" Yes, a warner had come to us, but we denied and said, 'Allah has not sent down anything. You are not but in great error.'\""
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَقَالُوا۟ لَوْ كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ أَوْ نَعْقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِىٓ أَصْحَٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ",
      "translation": "And they will say, \"If only we had been listening or reasoning, we would not be among the companions of the Blaze.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "فَٱعْتَرَفُوا۟ بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسُحْقًۭا لِّأَصْحَٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ",
      "translation": "And they will admit their sin, so [it is] alienation for the companions of the Blaze."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلْغَيْبِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌۭ وَأَجْرٌۭ كَبِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Indeed, those who fear their Lord unseen will have forgiveness and great reward."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "وَأَسِرُّوا۟ قَوْلَكُمْ أَوِ ٱجْهَرُوا۟ بِهِۦٓ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ",
      "translation": "And conceal your speech or publicize it; indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "أَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَنْ خَلَقَ وَهُوَ ٱللَّطِيفُ ٱلْخَبِيرُ",
      "translation": "Does He who created not know, while He is the Subtle, the Acquainted?"
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضَ ذَلُولًۭا فَٱمْشُوا۟ فِى مَنَاكِبِهَا وَكُلُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِهِۦ ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ ٱلنُّشُورُ",
      "translation": "It is He who made the earth tame for you - so walk among its slopes and eat of His provision - and to Him is the resurrection."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "ءَأَمِنتُم مَّن فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَن يَخْسِفَ بِكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضَ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَمُورُ",
      "translation": "Do you feel secure that He who [holds authority] in the heaven would not cause the earth to swallow you and suddenly it would sway?"
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "أَمْ أَمِنتُم مَّن فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَن يُرْسِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَاصِبًۭا ۖ فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ كَيْفَ نَذِيرِ",
      "translation": "Or do you feel secure that He who [holds authority] in the heaven would not send against you a storm of stones? Then you would know how [severe] was My warning."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "وَلَقَدْ كَذَّبَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ",
      "translation": "And already had those before them denied, and how [terrible] was My reproach."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ إِلَى ٱلطَّيْرِ فَوْقَهُمْ صَٰٓفَّٰتٍۢ وَيَقْبِضْنَ ۚ مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍۭ بَصِيرٌ",
      "translation": "Do they not see the birds above them with wings outspread and [sometimes] folded in? None holds them [aloft] except the Most Merciful. Indeed He is, of all things, Seeing."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "أَمَّنْ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِى هُوَ جُندٌۭ لَّكُمْ يَنصُرُكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ۚ إِنِ ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ إِلَّا فِى غُرُورٍ",
      "translation": "Or who is it that could be an army for you to aid you other than the Most Merciful? The disbelievers are not but in delusion."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "أَمَّنْ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِى يَرْزُقُكُمْ إِنْ أَمْسَكَ رِزْقَهُۥ ۚ بَل لَّجُّوا۟ فِى عُتُوٍّۢ وَنُفُورٍ",
      "translation": "Or who is it that could provide for you if He withheld His provision? But they have persisted in insolence and aversion."
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "أَفَمَن يَمْشِى مُكِبًّا عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِۦٓ أَهْدَىٰٓ أَمَّن يَمْشِى سَوِيًّا عَلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍۢ مُّسْتَقِيمٍۢ",
      "translation": "Then is one who walks fallen on his face better guided or one who walks erect on a straight path?"
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "قُلْ هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنشَأَكُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلسَّمْعَ وَٱلْأَبْصَٰرَ وَٱلْأَفْـِٔدَةَ ۖ قَلِيلًۭا مَّا تَشْكُرُونَ",
      "translation": "Say, \"It is He who has produced you and made for you hearing and vision and hearts; little are you grateful.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "قُلْ هُوَ ٱلَّذِى ذَرَأَكُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَإِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ",
      "translation": "Say, \"It is He who has multiplied you throughout the earth, and to Him you will be gathered.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَٰذَا ٱلْوَعْدُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ",
      "translation": "And they say, \"When is this promise, if you should be truthful?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "قُلْ إِنَّمَا ٱلْعِلْمُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَآ أَنَا۠ نَذِيرٌۭ مُّبِينٌۭ",
      "translation": "Say, \"The knowledge is only with Allah, and I am only a clear warner.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ زُلْفَةًۭ سِيٓـَٔتْ وُجُوهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَقِيلَ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِى كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَدَّعُونَ",
      "translation": "But when they see it approaching, the faces of those who disbelieve will be distressed, and it will be said, \"This is that for which you used to call.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "قُلْ أَرَءَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَهْلَكَنِىَ ٱللَّهُ وَمَن مَّعِىَ أَوْ رَحِمَنَا فَمَن يُجِيرُ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍۢ",
      "translation": "Say, [O Muhammad], \"Have you considered: whether Allah should cause my death and those with me or have mercy upon us, who can protect the disbelievers from a painful punishment?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "قُلْ هُوَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ وَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا ۖ فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ هُوَ فِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ مُّبِينٍۢ",
      "translation": "Say, \"He is the Most Merciful; we have believed in Him, and upon Him we have relied. And you will [come to] know who it is that is in clear error.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "قُلْ أَرَءَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ مَآؤُكُمْ غَوْرًۭا فَمَن يَأْتِيكُم بِمَآءٍۢ مَّعِينٍۭ",
      "translation": "Say, \"Have you considered: if your water was to become sunken [into the earth], then who could bring you flowing water?\""
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Blessed is",
      "He",
      "in Whose Hand",
      "(is) the Dominion,",
      "and He",
      "(is) over",
      "every",
      "thing",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "The One Who",
      "created",
      "death",
      "and life",
      "that He may test you,",
      "which of you",
      "(is) best",
      "(in) deed.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the All-Mighty,",
      "the Oft-Forgiving."
    ],
    [
      "The One Who",
      "created",
      "seven",
      "heavens",
      "one above another.",
      "Not",
      "you see",
      "in",
      "(the) creation",
      "(of) the Most Gracious",
      "any",
      "fault.",
      "So return",
      "the vision,",
      "can",
      "you see",
      "any",
      "flaw?"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "return",
      "the vision",
      "twice (again).",
      "Will return",
      "to you",
      "the vision",
      "humbled",
      "while it",
      "(is) fatigued."
    ],
    [
      "And certainly",
      "We have beautified",
      "the heaven",
      "nearest",
      "with lamps,",
      "and We have made them",
      "(as) missiles",
      "for the devils,",
      "and We have prepared",
      "for them",
      "punishment",
      "(of) the Blaze."
    ],
    [
      "And for those who",
      "disbelieved",
      "in their Lord",
      "(is the) punishment",
      "(of) Hell,",
      "and wretched is",
      "the destination."
    ],
    [
      "When",
      "they are thrown",
      "therein,",
      "they will hear",
      "from it",
      "an inhaling",
      "while it",
      "boils up."
    ],
    [
      "It almost",
      "bursts",
      "from",
      "rage.",
      "Every time",
      "is thrown",
      "therein",
      "a group,",
      "(will) ask them",
      "its keepers,",
      "\"Did not",
      "come to you",
      "a warner?\""
    ],
    [
      "They will say",
      "\"Yes,",
      "indeed",
      "came to us",
      "a warner,",
      "but we denied",
      "and we said,",
      "\"Not",
      "has sent down",
      "Allah",
      "any",
      "thing.",
      "Not",
      "you (are)",
      "but",
      "in",
      "error",
      "great.\""
    ],
    [
      "And they will say,",
      "\"If",
      "we had",
      "listened",
      "or",
      "reasoned,",
      "not",
      "we (would) have been",
      "among",
      "(the) companions",
      "(of) the Blaze.\""
    ],
    [
      "Then they (will) confess",
      "their sins,",
      "so away with",
      "(the) companions",
      "(of) the Blaze."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "those who",
      "fear",
      "their Lord",
      "unseen,",
      "for them",
      "(is) forgiveness",
      "and a reward",
      "great."
    ],
    [
      "And conceal",
      "your speech",
      "or",
      "proclaim",
      "it.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(is the) All-Knower",
      "of what (is in)",
      "the breasts."
    ],
    [
      "Does not",
      "know",
      "(the One) Who",
      "created?",
      "And He",
      "(is) the Subtle,",
      "the All-Aware."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "made",
      "for you",
      "the earth",
      "subservient,",
      "so walk",
      "in",
      "(the) paths thereof",
      "and eat",
      "of",
      "His provision,",
      "and to Him",
      "(is) the Resurrection."
    ],
    [
      "Do you feel secure",
      "(from Him) Who",
      "(is) in",
      "the heaven",
      "not",
      "He will cause to swallow",
      "you",
      "the earth",
      "when",
      "it",
      "sways?"
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "do you feel secure",
      "(from Him) Who",
      "(is) in",
      "the heaven,",
      "that",
      "He will send",
      "against you",
      "a storm of stones?",
      "Then you would know",
      "how",
      "(was) My warning?"
    ],
    [
      "And indeed,",
      "denied",
      "those",
      "from",
      "before them,",
      "and how",
      "was",
      "My rejection."
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "they see",
      "[to]",
      "the birds",
      "above them",
      "spreading (their wings)",
      "and folding?",
      "Not",
      "holds them",
      "except",
      "the Most Gracious.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(is) of every",
      "thing",
      "All-Seer."
    ],
    [
      "Who is",
      "this,",
      "the one,",
      "he",
      "(is) an army",
      "for you",
      "to help you",
      "from",
      "besides",
      "the Most Gracious?",
      "Not",
      "(are) the disbelievers",
      "but",
      "in",
      "delusion."
    ],
    [
      "Who is",
      "this,",
      "the one,",
      "to provide you",
      "if",
      "He withheld",
      "His provision.",
      "Nay,",
      "they persist",
      "in",
      "pride",
      "and aversion."
    ],
    [
      "Then is he who",
      "walks",
      "fallen",
      "on",
      "his face",
      "better guided,",
      "or (he) who",
      "walks",
      "upright",
      "on",
      "(the) Path",
      "Straight?"
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "produced you",
      "and made",
      "for you",
      "the hearing,",
      "and the vision",
      "and the feelings.",
      "Little",
      "(is) what",
      "you give thanks.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "multiplied you",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "and to Him",
      "you will be gathered.\""
    ],
    [
      "And they say,",
      "\"When",
      "(is) this",
      "promise,",
      "if",
      "you are",
      "truthful?\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Only",
      "the knowledge",
      "(is) with",
      "Allah,",
      "and only",
      "I am",
      "a warner",
      "clear.\""
    ],
    [
      "But when",
      "they (will) see it",
      "approaching,",
      "(will be) distressed",
      "(the) faces",
      "(of) those who",
      "disbelieved,",
      "and it will be said,",
      "\"This",
      "(is) that which",
      "you used to",
      "for it",
      "call.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Have you seen,",
      "if",
      "destroys me",
      "Allah",
      "and whoever",
      "(is) with me",
      "or",
      "has mercy upon us,",
      "then who",
      "(can) protect",
      "the disbelievers",
      "from",
      "a punishment",
      "painful.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"He",
      "(is) the Most Gracious;",
      "we believe",
      "in Him,",
      "and upon Him",
      "we put (our) trust.",
      "So you will know",
      "who",
      "(is) it",
      "(that is) in",
      "error",
      "clear.\""
    ],
    [
      "Say,",
      "\"Have you seen,",
      "if",
      "becomes",
      "your water",
      "sunken,",
      "then who",
      "could bring you",
      "water",
      "flowing?\""
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Sovereignty and power",
    "Life, death and the quality of action",
    "Seven heavens in harmony",
    "Look again and again",
    "The nearest heaven adorned",
    "The consequence of rejection",
    "A terrible sound",
    "Was no warning received?",
    "The warning was denied",
    "If only we had listened",
    "Acknowledging the wrong",
    "Reverence beyond public view",
    "What is hidden and spoken",
    "The Creator knows",
    "Walk upon the earth",
    "Is the ground guaranteed?",
    "A warning through the storm",
    "Those who denied before",
    "Birds with wings spread and folded",
    "Who can provide protection?",
    "Who can supply provision?",
    "Two ways of walking",
    "Hearing, sight and hearts",
    "Spread across the earth, gathered again",
    "When will the promise come?",
    "Knowledge and the warner’s task",
    "When the outcome draws near",
    "The messenger’s fate and your responsibility",
    "Belief and trust in the Merciful",
    "If your water disappeared"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The chapter opens with sovereignty belonging to Allah and power over all things. That claim frames every question that follows. Human life is considered within a wider authority than the reach of personal possessions or institutions.",
    "Life and death are placed within a test of conduct. The emphasis falls on the quality of action, not simply its quantity. Mighty and Forgiving appear together, keeping responsibility beside the possibility of mercy.",
    "The listener is invited to look for a fault in the ordered heavens. The seven heavens belong to the Quran’s description of creation. The image should encourage attention without claiming to diagram their physical structure.",
    "Looking is repeated rather than dismissed after a first glance. The returning gaze exposes the limits of the observer. The verse invites sustained attention to creation while placing human perception within its own finite capacity.",
    "The nearest heaven is described as adorned with lamps, alongside a statement concerning devils. Beauty and warning appear together. The illustration evokes the visible sky without depicting unseen beings or identifying its imagery with a specific astronomical event.",
    "The chapter turns from the heavens to the outcome of rejecting the Lord. The contrast makes the opening claim morally consequential. Its warning is addressed to human response, not offered as a spectacle of suffering.",
    "Sound gives force to the warning: the scene roars and boils. The brief verse conveys alarm through hearing rather than an elaborate visual account. Read it with the following question about whether a warning had arrived.",
    "The keepers ask whether a warner came to those entering. This changes the scene from description to responsibility. The passage’s central concern becomes the response to a message received during life.",
    "The answer admits that warning arrived but was dismissed. The speakers recall denying revelation and accusing the messengers of error. Their words expose a difference between lacking information and refusing to consider what has been heard.",
    "Listening and understanding are named in the expression of regret. The verse asks readers to consider the use of their own capacities now. Its force lies in the opportunity to pay attention before consequences arrive.",
    "Acknowledgment follows the memory of refusal. The scene does not present explanation as a way to undo a completed life. It directs the reader back to the present moment, where recognition can still shape conduct.",
    "The atmosphere changes toward forgiveness and a great reward. Reverence in secret concerns what a person does beyond public observation. The verse gives inward sincerity a place beside the chapter’s more visible signs and questions.",
    "Whether something is concealed or spoken aloud, divine knowledge encompasses it. The reference to what lies within the breast makes the point personal. The reader is invited to examine motives as well as public words.",
    "The question connects knowledge with creation itself. Subtile in Pickthall’s English renders a divine name associated with subtle awareness. The verse does not require a physical picture of Allah to convey intimate knowledge.",
    "The earth is made usable, and people are invited to travel its paths and receive provision. Activity and dependence belong together. The concluding return prevents everyday movement and livelihood from becoming the whole horizon.",
    "The ground that seems dependable is placed under question. This is a warning about assumed security, not a prediction identifying a particular earthquake. The verse asks what supports confidence when the familiar earth itself can move.",
    "The sky likewise cannot be treated as a guarantee against danger. The warning continues through an overwhelming storm. Its purpose is reflection on vulnerability rather than assigning a disaster to specific people’s moral failures.",
    "Earlier denial is recalled without naming a particular nation. The brief reference connects the present audience with a longer human history. The reader should not turn the unnamed example into a precise archaeological claim.",
    "Birds draw attention back to something observable and graceful. Their wings spread and fold while they remain aloft. The verse sees their support through divine mercy, inviting wonder without replacing careful observation of how they fly.",
    "An imagined protecting force is measured against dependence on the Merciful. The question challenges the belief that power can make life completely secure. It continues the chapter’s examination of confidence built on limited human resources.",
    "Provision becomes the subject of the next question. The possibility of its being withheld exposes the limits of self-sufficiency. Pride appears as an obstacle to acknowledging how much life relies on what is received.",
    "Two ways of walking express a contrast in guidance. One is hindered and disoriented; the other follows a straight road upright. The image is a moral comparison, not a judgment about a person’s physical disability.",
    "Hearing, sight and hearts are named as gifts, followed by a challenge about gratitude. The verse returns responsibility to the capacities already discussed. Appreciation becomes meaningful through how those gifts are actually used.",
    "Humanity is spread across the earth and will be gathered again. The paired movements connect ordinary life with return. The chapter gives no map or coordinates for the future gathering described here.",
    "The promised outcome is challenged with a question about its timing. The reply will distinguish the messenger’s task from knowledge of the date. The verse does not authorize the reader to construct an end-time timetable.",
    "Knowledge belongs to Allah, while the messenger’s role is to warn clearly. This answer sets a limit on claims about the unseen. The warning remains meaningful even when its exact timing is not supplied.",
    "The response changes when the outcome is seen approaching. A promise once challenged becomes an immediate reality. The verse concentrates on that reversal in perspective rather than offering a calculable historical or future date.",
    "The audience is asked to consider whether the messenger’s death would remove its own responsibility. Personal hostility cannot settle the truth of the warning. The verse separates another person’s fate from the consequences of one’s own response.",
    "Belief and trust are directed toward the Merciful. The affirmation answers the earlier questions about protection and provision. It locates confidence in a relationship of dependence rather than in the assumption of invulnerability.",
    "The final question is about water disappearing beyond reach. A basic daily need brings the chapter’s vast argument close to home. Its ending invites gratitude and care through recognition that accessible water is not self-created."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 5,
      "title": "Look again at the layered sky",
      "summary": "Life, death and the ordered heavens introduce sovereignty, careful attention and responsibility.",
      "reflection": "What changes when you look closely at something you usually take for granted?"
    },
    {
      "start": 6,
      "end": 15,
      "title": "Listen, reflect and walk upon the earth",
      "summary": "Regret for refusing warning contrasts with inward reverence, forgiveness and the earth’s provision.",
      "reflection": "How do you distinguish a sincere explanation from a reason to avoid listening?"
    },
    {
      "start": 16,
      "end": 23,
      "title": "The birds held aloft",
      "summary": "Questions about security and provision meet the familiar signs of flight, movement and human perception.",
      "reflection": "Which ordinary abilities reveal your dependence when you pause to consider them?"
    },
    {
      "start": 24,
      "end": 30,
      "title": "Who would bring back the water?",
      "summary": "The messenger’s warning ends with trust in the Merciful and a question about vanished drinking water.",
      "reflection": "How could gratitude for water become an act of care today?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Makkan period boundary",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Quran.com classifies Al-Mulk as Makkan. The marker uses the Hijrah year only as the boundary of that period; it is not a claim that this chapter was revealed in 622.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-mulk/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Earlier peoples · an undated warning",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verse 18 recalls those who denied before the first audience. No people, ruler or calendar year is named in that line.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Prophet’s lifetime · a transmitted virtue",
      "year": null,
      "body": "A report in Tirmidhi describes a thirty-verse surah interceding for its reader and identifies Al-Mulk. The report is marked Hasan on the consulted page and supplies no revelation date.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2891"
    },
    {
      "title": "The promised gathering · date not disclosed",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 25–26 distinguish asking about the promise from knowing its time. Knowledge of that time is reserved to Allah; the messenger’s task is clear warning.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · the broad setting",
      "body": "The chapter’s Makkan classification provides a broad setting for its first audience. The text does not name a particular house, overlook or night-sky observation point.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-mulk/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "earth",
      "name": "The walkable earth · no named route",
      "body": "Verse 15 joins travel and provision. It does not identify a caravan road or farming settlement; the landscape represents the everyday earth through which people move and find sustenance.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "birds",
      "name": "The open sky · birds above the observer",
      "body": "Verse 19 asks the audience to observe flight. No species, migration route or particular region is named. The birds remain an accessible sign rather than an invented historical sighting.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm",
      "image": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "water",
      "name": "The water beneath us · a closing question",
      "body": "The final verse asks what would happen if water sank out of reach. It gives no named spring or well; the image of accessible water reflects dependence and provision.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm",
      "image": 3
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "observer",
      "title": "The person invited to look again",
      "body": "The repeated invitation to inspect creation is addressed to the hearer. It makes attention an active part of the chapter, without requiring a named historical astronomer or traveler.",
      "verse": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "warners",
      "title": "The warners and those who heard them",
      "body": "The dialogue in verses 8–10 concerns messengers whose warnings were refused. The chapter provides no list of their names; the emphasis is the difference between hearing and responding.",
      "verse": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "muhammad",
      "title": "Muhammad · a clear warner",
      "body": "The closing replies define the messenger’s task and leave the date of the promised outcome with Allah. His role is described through the text, without a visual depiction.",
      "verse": 26
    },
    {
      "id": "abu-hurayrah",
      "title": "Abu Hurayrah · transmitting a report about Al-Mulk",
      "body": "Tirmidhi 2891 records Abu Hurayrah’s narration about the thirty-verse chapter. It supports a tradition of recitation and hope for forgiveness, distinct from the surah’s own wording.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2891",
      "label": "Read Tirmidhi 2891"
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "Makkan classification without an exact year",
      "body": "The chapter introduction places Al-Mulk in the Makkan mission. The timeline therefore uses the 622 CE migration boundary, while leaving a precise revelation date unspecified.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-mulk/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "A thirty-verse recitation tradition",
      "body": "Tirmidhi’s report identifies Al-Mulk as a chapter that intercedes for its reader. This reader attributes the statement to the transmitted report rather than presenting it as an extra verse or a historical date.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2891"
    },
    {
      "title": "Questions that return to daily experience",
      "body": "The passage moves from heavens and judgment to walking, hearing, seeing, flying birds and water. These connections can be followed directly in the verses without adding a special event behind every image.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The limit placed on prediction",
      "body": "When challenged about timing, the messenger answers that knowledge belongs to Allah. That explicit limit governs this reader’s timeline: the future gathering is neither dated nor tied to a modern astronomical forecast.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/067.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Makkan. The 622 CE marker is a period boundary, not an exact revelation year. No particular eclipse, earthquake, bird species or sacred spring is identified."
}