{
  "number": 77,
  "slug": "mursalat",
  "name": "Al-Mursalat",
  "arabicName": "المرسلات",
  "meaning": "Those Sent Forth",
  "juz": 29,
  "period": "Makkan",
  "tagline": "WINDS, WITNESS & THE DAY OF DECISION",
  "overview": "A succession of urgent oaths leads to a promised Day of Decision. Earlier peoples, our own beginnings, and the earth’s provision become reasons to reflect, while a recurring warning contrasts denial with the shade and welcome promised to the righteous.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_77.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=10"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=17"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=29"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=34"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=39"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=44"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=77&verse=50"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-mursalat/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Opening oaths · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-mursalat/1/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "Revelation at Mina · Bukhari 1830",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1830"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · Hijrah period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "وَٱلْمُرْسَلَٰتِ عُرْفًۭا",
      "translation": "By those [winds] sent forth in gusts"
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "فَٱلْعَٰصِفَٰتِ عَصْفًۭا",
      "translation": "And the winds that blow violently"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "وَٱلنَّٰشِرَٰتِ نَشْرًۭا",
      "translation": "And [by] the winds that spread [clouds]"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "فَٱلْفَٰرِقَٰتِ فَرْقًۭا",
      "translation": "And those [angels] who bring criterion"
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "فَٱلْمُلْقِيَٰتِ ذِكْرًا",
      "translation": "And those [angels] who deliver a message"
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا",
      "translation": "As justification or warning,"
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَوَٰقِعٌۭ",
      "translation": "Indeed, what you are promised is to occur."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "فَإِذَا ٱلنُّجُومُ طُمِسَتْ",
      "translation": "So when the stars are obliterated"
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا ٱلسَّمَآءُ فُرِجَتْ",
      "translation": "And when the heaven is opened"
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا ٱلْجِبَالُ نُسِفَتْ",
      "translation": "And when the mountains are blown away"
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا ٱلرُّسُلُ أُقِّتَتْ",
      "translation": "And when the messengers' time has come..."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "لِأَىِّ يَوْمٍ أُجِّلَتْ",
      "translation": "For what Day was it postponed?"
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "لِيَوْمِ ٱلْفَصْلِ",
      "translation": "For the Day of Judgement."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا يَوْمُ ٱلْفَصْلِ",
      "translation": "And what can make you know what is the Day of Judgement?"
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ نُهْلِكِ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ",
      "translation": "Did We not destroy the former peoples?"
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ نُتْبِعُهُمُ ٱلْءَاخِرِينَ",
      "translation": "Then We will follow them with the later ones."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "كَذَٰلِكَ نَفْعَلُ بِٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ",
      "translation": "Thus do We deal with the criminals."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ نَخْلُقكُّم مِّن مَّآءٍۢ مَّهِينٍۢ",
      "translation": "Did We not create you from a liquid disdained?"
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "فَجَعَلْنَٰهُ فِى قَرَارٍۢ مَّكِينٍ",
      "translation": "And We placed it in a firm lodging"
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "إِلَىٰ قَدَرٍۢ مَّعْلُومٍۢ",
      "translation": "For a known extent."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "فَقَدَرْنَا فَنِعْمَ ٱلْقَٰدِرُونَ",
      "translation": "And We determined [it], and excellent [are We] to determine."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ ٱلْأَرْضَ كِفَاتًا",
      "translation": "Have We not made the earth a container"
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "أَحْيَآءًۭ وَأَمْوَٰتًۭا",
      "translation": "Of the living and the dead?"
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا رَوَٰسِىَ شَٰمِخَٰتٍۢ وَأَسْقَيْنَٰكُم مَّآءًۭ فُرَاتًۭا",
      "translation": "And We placed therein lofty, firmly set mountains and have given you to drink sweet water."
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "ٱنطَلِقُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ مَا كُنتُم بِهِۦ تُكَذِّبُونَ",
      "translation": "[They will be told], \"Proceed to that which you used to deny."
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "ٱنطَلِقُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ ظِلٍّۢ ذِى ثَلَٰثِ شُعَبٍۢ",
      "translation": "Proceed to a shadow [of smoke] having three columns"
    },
    {
      "n": 31,
      "arabic": "لَّا ظَلِيلٍۢ وَلَا يُغْنِى مِنَ ٱللَّهَبِ",
      "translation": "[But having] no cool shade and availing not against the flame.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 32,
      "arabic": "إِنَّهَا تَرْمِى بِشَرَرٍۢ كَٱلْقَصْرِ",
      "translation": "Indeed, it throws sparks [as huge] as a fortress,"
    },
    {
      "n": 33,
      "arabic": "كَأَنَّهُۥ جِمَٰلَتٌۭ صُفْرٌۭ",
      "translation": "As if they were yellowish [black] camels."
    },
    {
      "n": 34,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 35,
      "arabic": "هَٰذَا يَوْمُ لَا يَنطِقُونَ",
      "translation": "This is a Day they will not speak,"
    },
    {
      "n": 36,
      "arabic": "وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ",
      "translation": "Nor will it be permitted for them to make an excuse."
    },
    {
      "n": 37,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 38,
      "arabic": "هَٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلْفَصْلِ ۖ جَمَعْنَٰكُمْ وَٱلْأَوَّلِينَ",
      "translation": "This is the Day of Judgement; We will have assembled you and the former peoples."
    },
    {
      "n": 39,
      "arabic": "فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ كَيْدٌۭ فَكِيدُونِ",
      "translation": "So if you have a plan, then plan against Me."
    },
    {
      "n": 40,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 41,
      "arabic": "إِنَّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ فِى ظِلَٰلٍۢ وَعُيُونٍۢ",
      "translation": "Indeed, the righteous will be among shades and springs"
    },
    {
      "n": 42,
      "arabic": "وَفَوَٰكِهَ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ",
      "translation": "And fruits from whatever they desire,"
    },
    {
      "n": 43,
      "arabic": "كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ هَنِيٓـًٔۢا بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ",
      "translation": "[Being told], \"Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 44,
      "arabic": "إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ",
      "translation": "Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good."
    },
    {
      "n": 45,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 46,
      "arabic": "كُلُوا۟ وَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ قَلِيلًا إِنَّكُم مُّجْرِمُونَ",
      "translation": "[O disbelievers], eat and enjoy yourselves a little; indeed, you are criminals."
    },
    {
      "n": 47,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 48,
      "arabic": "وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱرْكَعُوا۟ لَا يَرْكَعُونَ",
      "translation": "And when it is said to them, \"Bow [in prayer],\" they do not bow."
    },
    {
      "n": 49,
      "arabic": "وَيْلٌۭ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ",
      "translation": "Woe, that Day, to the deniers."
    },
    {
      "n": 50,
      "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ حَدِيثٍۭ بَعْدَهُۥ يُؤْمِنُونَ",
      "translation": "Then in what statement after the Qur'an will they believe?"
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "By the ones sent forth,",
      "one after another,"
    ],
    [
      "And the winds that blow",
      "violently,"
    ],
    [
      "And the ones that scatter",
      "far and wide,"
    ],
    [
      "And those who separate",
      "(by the) Criterion,"
    ],
    [
      "And those who bring down",
      "(the) Reminder,"
    ],
    [
      "(As) justification",
      "or",
      "warning,"
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, what",
      "you are promised",
      "will surely occur."
    ],
    [
      "So when",
      "the stars",
      "are obliterated,"
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "the heaven",
      "is cleft asunder,"
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "the mountains",
      "are blown away,"
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "the Messengers",
      "are gathered to their appointed time."
    ],
    [
      "For what",
      "Day",
      "are (these) postponed?"
    ],
    [
      "For (the) Day",
      "(of) Judgment."
    ],
    [
      "And what",
      "will make you know",
      "what",
      "(is the) Day",
      "(of) the Judgment?"
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers"
    ],
    [
      "Did not",
      "We destroy",
      "the former (people)?"
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "We follow them up",
      "(with) the later ones."
    ],
    [
      "Thus",
      "We deal",
      "with the criminals."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "Did not",
      "We create you",
      "from",
      "a water",
      "despicable?"
    ],
    [
      "Then We placed it",
      "in",
      "an abode",
      "safe"
    ],
    [
      "For",
      "a period",
      "known."
    ],
    [
      "So We measured,",
      "and Best",
      "(are We to) measure!"
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "Have not",
      "We made",
      "the earth",
      "a receptacle"
    ],
    [
      "(For the) living",
      "and (the) dead,"
    ],
    [
      "And We made",
      "therein",
      "firmly set mountains",
      "lofty,",
      "and We gave you to drink",
      "water -",
      "sweet?"
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "\"Proceed",
      "to",
      "what",
      "you used to",
      "in it",
      "deny,"
    ],
    [
      "Proceed",
      "to",
      "a shadow",
      "having",
      "three",
      "columns"
    ],
    [
      "No",
      "cool shade",
      "and not",
      "availing",
      "against",
      "the flame."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, it",
      "throws up",
      "sparks",
      "as the fortress,"
    ],
    [
      "As if they (were)",
      "camels",
      "yellow."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "This",
      "(is) a Day",
      "not",
      "they will speak,"
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "will it be permitted",
      "for them",
      "to make excuses."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "This",
      "(is the) Day",
      "(of) Judgment;",
      "We have gathered you",
      "and the former (people)."
    ],
    [
      "So if",
      "is",
      "for you",
      "a plan,",
      "then plan against Me."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed,",
      "the righteous",
      "(will be) in",
      "shades",
      "and springs,"
    ],
    [
      "And fruits",
      "from what",
      "they desire."
    ],
    [
      "\"Eat",
      "and drink",
      "(in) satisfaction",
      "for what",
      "you used to",
      "do.\""
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "thus",
      "reward",
      "the good-doers."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "Eat",
      "and enjoy yourselves",
      "a little;",
      "indeed, you",
      "(are) criminals.\""
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "And when",
      "it is said",
      "to them,",
      "\"Bow,\"",
      "not",
      "they bow."
    ],
    [
      "Woe",
      "that Day",
      "to the deniers."
    ],
    [
      "Then in what",
      "statement",
      "after it",
      "will they believe?"
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Sent forth in succession",
    "The force of the wind",
    "Scattering far and wide",
    "A decisive separation",
    "Bringing the reminder",
    "An explanation and a warning",
    "The promise will occur",
    "Stars lose their light",
    "The sky opens",
    "Mountains swept away",
    "The messengers’ appointment",
    "For which day?",
    "The Day of Decision",
    "Consider that day",
    "The first recurring warning",
    "Remember earlier peoples",
    "Those who followed them",
    "Responsibility across generations",
    "The warning returns",
    "A humble beginning",
    "A secure resting place",
    "A known term",
    "Creation with measure",
    "The warning after creation",
    "The earth receives",
    "Living and dead",
    "Mountains and sweet water",
    "The warning after provision",
    "Face what was denied",
    "A threefold shadow",
    "Shade without shelter",
    "Sparks like castles",
    "A startling comparison",
    "The warning amid the scene",
    "When speech falls silent",
    "Excuses no longer offered",
    "Another solemn refrain",
    "Generations gathered together",
    "The limits of human schemes",
    "The warning at the gathering",
    "Shade and flowing springs",
    "Fruit freely desired",
    "An invitation of welcome",
    "Goodness meets its reward",
    "The contrast recalled",
    "A brief earthly enjoyment",
    "The warning repeats",
    "Refusing to bow",
    "The final refrain",
    "What message will persuade?"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening describes those sent forth in succession. Pickthall understands emissary winds here; the commentary records differing interpretations of the oaths. Their shared direction is toward the certainty declared in verse 7.",
    "A brief line intensifies the movement of the opening. The force of wind is familiar through its effects, even when unseen itself. The image prepares the listener for a world whose apparent stability can change.",
    "The action of spreading or scattering continues the sequence. Pickthall connects it with vegetation reviving, while the word aid stays closer to scattering widely. These choices show why a word gloss and a full translation differ.",
    "The language now emphasizes separation. Read it with the reminder in the following verse: the sequence moves toward a distinction that matters morally. Interpretations of the unnamed agents are discussed in the chapter’s history panel.",
    "The reminder gives purpose to the movement described above. The commentary connects this language with revelation brought by angels. No visible portrait of those unseen agents is needed to appreciate the message’s arrival.",
    "Explanation and warning stand side by side. The reminder addresses people before the announced outcome arrives. The verse invites attention to the opportunity to understand and respond, rather than treating warning as mere spectacle.",
    "The oaths reach their stated conclusion: what has been promised will occur. The sentence is short and assured. The following images explain why this promise transforms the listener’s view of ordinary life.",
    "The familiar lights of the sky disappear from view. This begins a sequence of upheaval rather than a dated astronomical forecast. The artwork is a reflection on the words, not a scientific reconstruction.",
    "The sky that appears continuous is described as opening. Read this beside the extinguished stars and displaced mountains. Together the images unsettle the assumption that the visible world provides an unchanging refuge.",
    "Mountains, ordinarily associated with solidity, are swept away. The verse extends the upheaval from the sky to the ground beneath human life. It asks the listener to imagine stability itself coming to an end.",
    "The attention turns from the physical world to the messengers and their appointed time. Their presence links the coming judgment with the warnings already delivered. The verse does not list individual messengers or dates.",
    "A question interrupts the sequence and draws attention to its destination. The appointed time is not left as an undefined disruption. The next verse names the day according to its decisive purpose.",
    "The answer is the Day of Decision. This name emphasizes the settling of what people disputed or denied. It gathers the preceding cosmic images into a moral horizon of judgment and accountability.",
    "The question returns with greater force, asking the listener to consider the day just named. Its brevity creates a pause before the refrain. The passage moves through sound and repetition as well as description.",
    "This is the first appearance of a warning repeated ten times across the chapter. Repudiators is Pickthall’s older English for those who deny. Each return follows a new reason to take the message seriously.",
    "The argument turns toward earlier peoples who perished. No nation or ruler is named in this line. Its purpose is to challenge confidence that present power can make a community immune to consequences.",
    "Later generations follow earlier ones, extending the historical perspective. The verse places the current audience within a succession rather than outside it. Read it with the next line’s emphasis on wrongdoing and responsibility.",
    "The passage identifies guilt as the moral issue. Its lesson is not that age or ancestry alone condemns a people. The warning concerns conduct and denial across the changing generations of human history.",
    "The refrain returns after the reminder of earlier peoples. Familiar words now carry that historical context with them. The repeated line encourages a renewed response instead of allowing one example to pass unnoticed.",
    "Human origins become the next subject for reflection. The listener is reminded of a modest, dependent beginning. The verse challenges self-sufficiency by recalling a stage of life in which power and prestige had no place.",
    "A secure resting place follows the reference to the initial fluid. The language emphasizes protection during formation. The passage’s argument concerns dependence and divine care rather than providing a detailed modern medical description.",
    "Development unfolds within a known term. This small line gives measure and duration to the preceding image. Read the three verses together as a movement from origin through shelter to an appointed stage.",
    "The sequence praises the ordering of creation. Its repeated language draws attention to measure and capacity. The point prepares the listener to consider whether the One who creates can also bring about the promised return.",
    "The refrain follows reflection on human formation. The warning is now heard beside the reader’s own beginning, not only the fate of distant peoples. It brings the argument from history into personal life.",
    "The earth appears as a place that receives and gathers. The next verse makes the breadth of this image clear. The ground beneath everyday activity also belongs to the story of mortality.",
    "Living and dead are held together in a compact pair. The earth supports present life and receives those who have died. The verse invites humility about humanity’s place within the landscape it inhabits.",
    "High mountains and sweet drinking water add tangible gifts to the earth’s description. The argument concerns provision close at hand. An imagined mountain spring can evoke gratitude without claiming an exact landscape named by the text.",
    "The warning returns after the signs of shelter and provision. It asks how recognition of these gifts should shape response. The refrain connects appreciation of the earth with the larger question of accountability.",
    "The address confronts those who denied the announced outcome. Pickthall’s parenthesis makes explicit that this is a spoken command within the scene. The passage moves from arguments offered beforehand to consequences faced afterward.",
    "The shadow initially sounds like possible shelter. Its threefold description introduces an unsettling image whose meaning becomes clearer in the next line. Read forward before assuming that shade here promises relief.",
    "The apparent shade provides no protection from flame. This reversal sharpens the contrast with the genuine shade promised later to the righteous. Similar landscape language can carry very different meanings within one chapter.",
    "The scale of the sparks is expressed through comparison with castles. The image conveys force and magnitude, not a measurement for a physical diagram. Its vividness belongs to the chapter’s language of warning.",
    "A second comparison follows the sparks, rendered by Pickthall as yellow camels. The familiar image makes the unfamiliar scene striking. The artwork should evoke intensity while leaving the unseen beyond documentary representation.",
    "The refrain now punctuates the scene of futile shelter and immense sparks. Its repeated cadence prevents the imagery from standing apart as entertainment. The central concern remains the seriousness of denying the warning.",
    "Silence replaces the arguments and denials of earthly life. The line describes this moment within the judgment scene. It should be heard in its sequence rather than used to flatten every Quranic account into one instant.",
    "The absence of permission to offer excuses completes the preceding silence. The passage emphasizes a point when evasion no longer helps. It directs reflection back to the present opportunity for honesty and change.",
    "The returning warning gathers the preceding silence and failed excuses into one compact statement. Repetition here marks successive aspects of the same reckoning. The listener is invited to notice how its context keeps changing.",
    "The Day of Decision brings earlier and later people together. Historical distance no longer separates generations in this scene. The verse links the chapter’s reminders of former peoples with the audience addressed directly.",
    "Human scheming is challenged at the point where it has no power to provide escape. The verse exposes the limits of cleverness used for evasion. It is not an invitation for readers to devise deceit.",
    "The refrain closes the gathering and the challenge to human plans. At this point the listener has heard reasons from history, creation, provision, and judgment. The next passage changes the atmosphere toward welcome.",
    "Real shade and springs replace the earlier shadow that gave no relief. The contrast is deliberate and comforting. Those who kept their duty are described through a setting of security, refreshment, and ease.",
    "Desired fruits extend the sense of generous provision. This brief verse conveys welcome through something readily understood in earthly life. The illustrated garden is an imaginative aid, not a claim to show Paradise itself.",
    "The invitation joins food and drink with welcome and recognition of deeds. Its warmth contrasts with the commands addressed to deniers earlier. The passage presents goodness as meaningful beyond its immediate earthly results.",
    "The promise is summed up as the reward of those who do good. The line keeps the garden imagery connected to moral life. Beauty and comfort form part of an answer to faithful action.",
    "The refrain returns even within this contrast of reward and warning. Its presence asks the listener to compare the two responses presented. It does not allow the hopeful scene to erase responsibility.",
    "Earthly enjoyment is described as brief. The line addresses the guilty within the chapter’s argument, rather than condemning every ordinary pleasure. Its force lies in the contrast between temporary ease and lasting consequences.",
    "The repeated warning follows the reminder that worldly ease does not last. Familiar words now carry the weight of time and its limits. The reader is invited to consider what deserves enduring attention.",
    "A refusal to bow becomes the final concrete response described. The issue is resistance to a call already heard. The verse gives the chapter’s broad discussion of denial a visible expression in conduct.",
    "The tenth and final refrain follows the refusal to bow. Its repetition has accompanied many different signs and scenes. The closing question will ask what could persuade someone who dismisses this reminder.",
    "The chapter ends with a question rather than another landscape. It asks what message could be accepted after this one is refused. The listener is left considering the conditions under which they are willing to respond."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 15,
      "title": "Winds and the Day of Decision",
      "summary": "Swift oaths lead from familiar movement to cosmic upheaval and an appointed reckoning.",
      "reflection": "Which familiar things make you assume that life will always continue as it is?"
    },
    {
      "start": 16,
      "end": 28,
      "title": "Generations, beginnings and the living earth",
      "summary": "Earlier peoples, human formation, mountains and water become reasons to reflect.",
      "reflection": "How might remembering your beginnings and daily provisions change your sense of independence?"
    },
    {
      "start": 29,
      "end": 40,
      "title": "The shadow that cannot shelter",
      "summary": "Denial meets a scene of failed refuge, silence and the gathering of generations.",
      "reflection": "Which excuses lose their force when you face a responsibility honestly?"
    },
    {
      "start": 41,
      "end": 50,
      "title": "Shade, springs and a final question",
      "summary": "Welcome for the righteous contrasts with fleeting ease and a refusal to heed the reminder.",
      "reflection": "What helps you turn a meaningful warning into a practical change?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Earlier generations · a reminder without named dates",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 16–18 recall earlier and later peoples as a warning. They name no civilization or ruler, so this timeline does not attach the passage to a particular archaeological destruction.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Makkan mission · revelation at Mina in a report",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Abdullah’s report in Bukhari describes hearing the newly revealed surah in a cave at Mina. It supplies a setting but no calendar year; the chapter’s introduction classifies it as Makkan. The year 622 marks the Hijrah boundary of the Makkan period; it is not an assigned revelation year for this passage.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1830"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Day of Decision · beyond the historical calendar",
      "year": null,
      "body": "The surah looks ahead to a gathering of earlier and later generations. This is its promised future horizon, not a date that this timeline can calculate.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "mina",
      "name": "Mina · the reported setting",
      "body": "Bukhari 1830 places the first recitation heard by Abdullah in a cave at Mina, near Makkah. The report does not establish an exact modern cave entrance or a dated photographable scene.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1830",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "earth",
      "name": "Mountains and fresh water · the earth’s provision",
      "body": "Verses 25–27 describe the earth, mountains and drinkable water without naming a particular range or spring. The landscape illustration follows those signs and is not a location identification.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm",
      "image": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "gardens",
      "name": "Shade and springs · promised reward",
      "body": "The shade, water and fruit in verses 41–44 describe the reward of those who kept their duty. They belong to the Hereafter rather than an earthly garden that can be pinned on a map.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm",
      "image": 3
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "abdullah",
      "title": "Abdullah ibn Masud · hearing the revelation",
      "body": "The transmitted account describes Abdullah learning the surah directly as Muhammad recited it. This companion’s report provides the Mina setting, distinct from the surah’s own words.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1830",
      "label": "Read Bukhari 1830"
    },
    {
      "id": "messengers",
      "title": "The messengers · an appointed gathering",
      "body": "Verse 11 brings messengers into the Day of Decision. It does not supply names or order them in a prophetic chronology; no individual portrait or grave is associated with this reference.",
      "verse": 11
    },
    {
      "id": "righteous",
      "title": "Those who kept their duty",
      "body": "The final passage portrays the righteous through shade, springs, fruit and welcome. Their reward is tied to deeds, giving the chapter’s repeated warnings a hopeful counterpart.",
      "verse": 41
    },
    {
      "id": "deniers",
      "title": "The deniers · a recurring address",
      "body": "The same warning returns ten times, each after a different sign or scene. The emphasis lies on a response to truth, not on a recoverable list of historical individuals.",
      "verse": 15
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "The opening agents are interpreted differently",
      "body": "Ma’arif al-Qur’an records interpretations involving winds and angels. This reader uses wind imagery for the visible opening while leaving the unnamed agents and unseen transmission unpictured.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-mursalat/1/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "A setting transmitted by a companion",
      "body": "Bukhari 1830 describes the revelation being recited in a cave at Mina. That report supports a broad setting; it does not authorize an exact date or identification of a particular surviving cave.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1830"
    },
    {
      "title": "Ten returns of the same warning",
      "body": "The refrain occurs in verses 15, 19, 24, 28, 34, 37, 40, 45, 47 and 49. Reading it in each setting reveals how history, creation and future accountability reinforce one another.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "A Makkan chapter about return",
      "body": "Quran.com classifies the surah as Makkan and places resurrection at its center. No precise revelation year is required to understand its repeated challenge to denial.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-mursalat/info"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Makkan. A report in Bukhari places its recitation at revelation in a cave at Mina, but supplies no exact calendar year or modern cave identification. Interpretations of the opening oaths differ."
}