{ "number": 73, "slug": "muzzammil", "name": "Al-Muzzammil", "arabicName": "المزمل", "meaning": "The Enveloped One", "juz": 29, "period": "Makkan opening; later closing verse", "tagline": "THE QUIET NIGHT & A BURDEN MADE LIGHTER", "overview": "The enveloped messenger is called to measured recitation and devotion during the night. Patience and an earlier warning through Pharaoh widen the horizon, before the long final verse recognizes illness, travel and duty, joining worship with generosity and mercy.", "sources": [ { "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_73.json" }, { "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)", "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=1" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=6" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=9" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=13" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=16" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=19" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=73&verse=20" }, { "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com", "url": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/info" }, { "title": "Aisha’s account of night prayer · Muslim 746a", "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:746a" }, { "title": "The concluding concession · Ma’arif al-Qur’an", "url": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/20/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran" }, { "title": "622 CE · Hijrah period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)", "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira" } ], "verses": [ { "n": 1, "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمُزَّمِّلُ", "translation": "O you who wraps himself [in clothing]," }, { "n": 2, "arabic": "قُمِ ٱلَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًۭا", "translation": "Arise [to pray] the night, except for a little -" }, { "n": 3, "arabic": "نِّصْفَهُۥٓ أَوِ ٱنقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا", "translation": "Half of it - or subtract from it a little" }, { "n": 4, "arabic": "أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ تَرْتِيلًا", "translation": "Or add to it, and recite the Qur'an with measured recitation." }, { "n": 5, "arabic": "إِنَّا سَنُلْقِى عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًۭا ثَقِيلًا", "translation": "Indeed, We will cast upon you a heavy word." }, { "n": 6, "arabic": "إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ ٱلَّيْلِ هِىَ أَشَدُّ وَطْـًۭٔا وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا", "translation": "Indeed, the hours of the night are more effective for concurrence [of heart and tongue] and more suitable for words." }, { "n": 7, "arabic": "إِنَّ لَكَ فِى ٱلنَّهَارِ سَبْحًۭا طَوِيلًۭا", "translation": "Indeed, for you by day is prolonged occupation." }, { "n": 8, "arabic": "وَٱذْكُرِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلًۭا", "translation": "And remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him with [complete] devotion." }, { "n": 9, "arabic": "رَّبُّ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَٱتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلًۭا", "translation": "[He is] the Lord of the East and the West; there is no deity except Him, so take Him as Disposer of [your] affairs." }, { "n": 10, "arabic": "وَٱصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًۭا جَمِيلًۭا", "translation": "And be patient over what they say and avoid them with gracious avoidance." }, { "n": 11, "arabic": "وَذَرْنِى وَٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ أُو۟لِى ٱلنَّعْمَةِ وَمَهِّلْهُمْ قَلِيلًا", "translation": "And leave Me with [the matter of] the deniers, those of ease [in life], and allow them respite a little." }, { "n": 12, "arabic": "إِنَّ لَدَيْنَآ أَنكَالًۭا وَجَحِيمًۭا", "translation": "Indeed, with Us [for them] are shackles and burning fire" }, { "n": 13, "arabic": "وَطَعَامًۭا ذَا غُصَّةٍۢ وَعَذَابًا أَلِيمًۭا", "translation": "And food that chokes and a painful punishment -" }, { "n": 14, "arabic": "يَوْمَ تَرْجُفُ ٱلْأَرْضُ وَٱلْجِبَالُ وَكَانَتِ ٱلْجِبَالُ كَثِيبًۭا مَّهِيلًا", "translation": "On the Day the earth and the mountains will convulse and the mountains will become a heap of sand pouring down." }, { "n": 15, "arabic": "إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولًۭا شَٰهِدًا عَلَيْكُمْ كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ رَسُولًۭا", "translation": "Indeed, We have sent to you a Messenger as a witness upon you just as We sent to Pharaoh a messenger." }, { "n": 16, "arabic": "فَعَصَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَأَخَذْنَٰهُ أَخْذًۭا وَبِيلًۭا", "translation": "But Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger, so We seized him with a ruinous seizure." }, { "n": 17, "arabic": "فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِن كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًۭا يَجْعَلُ ٱلْوِلْدَٰنَ شِيبًا", "translation": "Then how can you fear, if you disbelieve, a Day that will make the children white- haired?" }, { "n": 18, "arabic": "ٱلسَّمَآءُ مُنفَطِرٌۢ بِهِۦ ۚ كَانَ وَعْدُهُۥ مَفْعُولًا", "translation": "The heaven will break apart therefrom; ever is His promise fulfilled." }, { "n": 19, "arabic": "إِنَّ هَٰذِهِۦ تَذْكِرَةٌۭ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ سَبِيلًا", "translation": "Indeed, this is a reminder, so whoever wills may take to his Lord a way." }, { "n": 20, "arabic": "۞ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدْنَىٰ مِن ثُلُثَىِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَنِصْفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ وَطَآئِفَةٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مَعَكَ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ ٱلَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ ۚ عَلِمَ أَن لَّن تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَٱقْرَءُوا۟ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ ۚ عَلِمَ أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرْضَىٰ ۙ وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِن فَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ ۙ وَءَاخَرُونَ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ فَٱقْرَءُوا۟ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ ۚ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَقْرِضُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًۭا ۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا۟ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍۢ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًۭا وَأَعْظَمَ أَجْرًۭا ۚ وَٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۢ", "translation": "Indeed, your Lord knows, [O Muhammad], that you stand [in prayer] almost two thirds of the night or half of it or a third of it, and [so do] a group of those with you. And Allah determines [the extent of] the night and the day. He has known that you [Muslims] will not be able to do it and has turned to you in forgiveness, so recite what is easy [for you] of the Qur'an. He has known that there will be among you those who are ill and others traveling throughout the land seeking [something] of the bounty of Allah and others fighting for the cause of Allah. So recite what is easy from it and establish prayer and give zakah and loan Allah a goodly loan. And whatever good you put forward for yourselves - you will find it with Allah. It is better and greater in reward. And seek forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." } ], "glosses": [ [ "O you", "who wraps himself!" ], [ "Stand", "(in) the night,", "except", "a little," ], [ "Half of it,", "or", "lessen", "from it", "a little," ], [ "Or", "add", "to it,", "and recite", "the Quran", "(with) measured rhythmic recitation." ], [ "Indeed, We", "will cast", "upon you", "a Word", "heavy." ], [ "Indeed,", "(the) rising", "(at) the night,", "it", "(is) very hard", "and most potent", "and more suitable", "(for) Word." ], [ "Indeed,", "for you", "in", "the day", "(is) occupation", "prolonged." ], [ "And remember", "(the) name", "(of) your Lord", "and devote yourself", "to Him", "(with) devotion." ], [ "(The) Lord", "(of) the east", "and the west;", "(there is) no", "god", "except", "Him,", "so take Him", "(as) Disposer of Affairs." ], [ "And be patient", "over", "what", "they say,", "and avoid them,", "an avoidance", "gracious." ], [ "And leave Me", "and the deniers,", "possessors", "(of) the ease,", "and allow them respite -", "a little." ], [ "Indeed,", "with Us", "(are) shackles", "and burning fire," ], [ "And food", "that", "chokes", "and a punishment", "painful." ], [ "(On the) Day", "will quake", "the earth", "and the mountains,", "and will become", "the mountains", "a heap of sand", "pouring down." ], [ "Indeed, We", "[We] have sent", "to you", "a Messenger", "(as) a witness", "upon you,", "as", "We sent", "to", "Firaun", "a Messenger." ], [ "But disobeyed", "Firaun", "the Messenger,", "so We seized him", "(with) a seizure", "ruinous." ], [ "Then how", "will you guard yourselves,", "if", "you disbelieve,", "a Day", "(that) will make", "the children", "gray-haired?" ], [ "The heaven", "(will) break apart", "therefrom,", "is", "His Promise", "to be fulfilled." ], [ "Indeed,", "this", "(is) a Reminder,", "then whoever", "wills", "(let him) take", "to", "his Lord", "a way." ], [ "Indeed,", "your Lord", "knows", "that you", "stand", "(a little) less", "than", "two-thirds", "(of) the night,", "and half of it", "and a third of it", "and (so do) a group", "of", "those who", "(are) with you.", "And Allah", "determines", "the night", "and the day.", "He knows", "that", "not", "you count it,", "so He has turned", "to you,", "so recite", "what", "is easy", "of", "the Quran.", "He knows", "that", "there will be", "among you", "sick", "and others", "traveling", "in", "the land", "seeking", "of", "(the) Bounty", "(of) Allah,", "and others", "fighting", "in", "(the) way", "(of) Allah.", "So recite", "what", "is easy", "of it,", "and establish", "the prayer", "and give", "the zakah", "and loan", "Allah", "a loan", "goodly.", "And whatever", "you send forth", "for yourselves", "of", "good,", "you will find it", "with", "Allah.", "It", "(will be) better", "and greater", "(in) reward.", "And seek forgiveness", "(of) Allah.", "Indeed,", "Allah", "(is) Oft-Forgiving,", "Most Merciful." ] ], "titles": [ "The one wrapped in garments", "Rise during the night", "A measured portion", "Recite with measured care", "A weighty word", "The stillness of the night", "The demands of the day", "Remember and devote yourself", "Lord of east and west", "Patience and a gracious parting", "Leave judgment to the Lord", "A severe warning", "A painful consequence", "Mountains become drifting sand", "A messenger and an earlier precedent", "Pharaoh’s refusal", "A day that overwhelms", "The sky rent apart", "Choose a way toward the Lord", "A merciful easing of the burden" ], "notes": [ "The intimate address names the chapter through the person wrapped in garments. It is followed immediately by a call to rise. The opening places spiritual preparation within an ordinary human moment of rest and vulnerability.", "A substantial part of the night is set aside for vigil. The following verses describe its measure and the manner of recitation. Read this opening together with the later concession in the final verse.", "Half the night, or somewhat less, gives shape to the initial instruction. The wording allows a range within the demanding practice. The chapter will later acknowledge the difficulty of sustaining and measuring such extended worship.", "Measured recitation accompanies the instruction about time. Careful delivery gives the words room to be heard and considered. The verse connects the duration of worship with the quality of attention brought to the Quran.", "The message is called a weighty word. Its seriousness explains why preparation and devotion precede the public task. The verse does not reduce that weight to a physical quantity that an illustration could portray.", "Night is described as especially suited to impression and steadiness of speech. The quiet setting contrasts with daytime demands. The practical reflection is how conditions of attention affect the way words are received and understood.", "Daytime carries a chain of responsibilities. The verse recognizes activity outside the vigil rather than pretending it does not exist. Its place in the passage helps explain the value given to a quieter time of devotion.", "Remembering the Lord’s name is joined to complete devotion. The instruction moves beyond counting hours toward the direction of the heart. It asks what holds attention when demands and distractions would otherwise divide it.", "East and west express the breadth of divine lordship. The affirmation of one God leads to trust in Him as defender. The verse is about dependence and devotion, not a map of divine location.", "Patience is paired with a gracious parting from hurtful speech. The instruction concerns the manner of response as well as endurance. It challenges the impulse to make another person’s hostility determine one’s own conduct.", "The prosperous deniers are left to divine judgment, with a period of respite. The messenger is not instructed to settle their outcome himself. The line continues the preceding call to patience and restraint.", "The warning introduces fetters and fire after the description of comfortable deniers. The contrast unsettles the assumption that present ease guarantees future security. The imagery belongs to accountability beyond ordinary earthly power.", "Food that chokes reverses the expectation of nourishment. It continues a severe warning rather than describing an earthly meal to reconstruct. The passage contrasts the comfort already enjoyed with an outcome it cannot prevent.", "The earth and mountains shake, and solid heights become loose sand. This striking reversal gives visible form to the loss of apparent permanence. The artwork may evoke the upheaval without claiming a literal view of the unseen.", "A messenger sent to the present audience is compared with the messenger sent to Pharaoh. The verse establishes a warning through an earlier example. It gives no regnal name, dynasty or date for Pharaoh.", "Pharaoh’s refusal is followed by a forceful reckoning. This compressed reference assumes a familiar story without retelling it in detail. The chapter supplies no basis for choosing a particular mummy, tomb or reconstructed royal face.", "The coming day is described through an image of children turning gray. Its force conveys overwhelming severity rather than a clinical prediction. The question challenges the belief that denial can provide protection from what is announced.", "The sky itself is described as torn apart, and the promise is affirmed. This completes the sequence of shaking earth and overwhelming day. Familiar structures cannot guarantee safety when the chapter’s ultimate horizon arrives.", "The message is named as a reminder, and a way toward the Lord remains open. Warning leads to an invitation for response. The verse returns responsibility to the listener before the closing concession broadens the practical guidance.", "The final verse recognizes illness, travel and other duties, easing the earlier vigil. It joins manageable recitation with prayer, charity and forgiveness. Its breadth presents mercy alongside responsibility, acknowledging a community whose capacities and circumstances differ." ], "sections": [ { "start": 1, "end": 9, "title": "A lamp in the quiet night", "summary": "Measured recitation, devotion and trust prepare the messenger for a weighty responsibility.", "reflection": "What conditions help you read attentively instead of only passing over words?" }, { "start": 10, "end": 19, "title": "Patience before a world that will change", "summary": "A gracious response to opposition stands beside Pharaoh’s example and a warning of upheaval.", "reflection": "How can you remain firm without letting hostility set the tone of your conduct?" }, { "start": 20, "end": 20, "title": "Mercy within the rhythm of daily life", "summary": "The closing verse recognizes human limits and joins achievable worship with generosity and forgiveness.", "reflection": "How can a steady practice make room for real differences in health and responsibility?" } ], "timeline": [ { "title": "Earlier precedent · Pharaoh and the messenger", "year": null, "body": "Verses 15–16 recall Pharaoh’s refusal as a warning. They supply no royal name or calendar date, so the example is kept distinct from a claimed archaeological identification.", "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/073.htm" }, { "title": "Before 622 CE · Early Makkan mission · preparation at night", "year": 622, "body": "The introduction places the opening in the early mission. Its instructions concern night vigil, recitation and endurance; this reader does not convert a traditional order of revelation into an exact year. The year 622 marks the Hijrah boundary of the Makkan period; it is not an assigned revelation year for this passage.", "source": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/info" }, { "title": "A later easing · Aisha’s one-year report", "year": null, "body": "In Muslim 746a, Aisha describes the early community observing the vigil for a year before the closing passage eased the obligation. This is a reported interval, not an established modern calendar date.", "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:746a" }, { "title": "The final verse · dating traditions differ", "year": null, "body": "The consulted commentary discusses differing explanations of the last verse, including a Madinan view. The long final passage is treated as later than the opening without forcing the traditions into one precise chronology.", "source": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/20/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran" } ], "places": [ { "id": "makkah", "name": "Makkah · the setting of the opening", "body": "The opening is classified as early Makkan. A quiet night scene evokes its recitation and devotion without claiming to show a specific room, house or surviving prayer place of the Prophet.", "lat": 21.4225, "lon": 39.8262, "source": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/info", "image": 0 }, { "id": "pharaoh", "name": "Pharaoh’s realm · an earlier warning", "body": "Pharaoh is named as an example, but these verses give no city or identifiable monument. An imagined landscape of power cannot establish a particular palace, tomb or dynasty for this reference.", "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/073.htm", "image": 1 }, { "id": "travel", "name": "The roads of livelihood · no named route", "body": "The final verse includes people traveling in search of provision alongside the sick and others carrying duties. It names no caravan road or marketplace, so the setting remains a broad image of daily life.", "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/073.htm", "image": 2 } ], "people": [ { "id": "muhammad", "title": "Muhammad · receiving a weighty word", "body": "The opening addresses the enveloped messenger with instructions for night prayer, recitation and trust. The chapter presents preparation for responsibility, and this reader describes the scene without depicting the Prophet.", "verse": 5 }, { "id": "aisha", "title": "Aisha · reporting the easing of the vigil", "body": "Aisha’s account in Muslim 746a explains the change from the initial obligation to a lighter practice after a year. It is presented as a transmitted report about the community’s worship.", "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:746a", "label": "Read Muslim 746a" }, { "id": "pharaoh", "title": "Pharaoh · an unnamed ruler in this passage", "body": "The title appears in an earlier example of refusing a messenger. The chapter does not specify which Egyptian ruler, so no grave, mummy or reconstructed face is assigned to him here.", "verse": 15 }, { "id": "community", "title": "The sick, travelers and those carrying duties", "body": "The last verse explicitly recognizes people whose circumstances differ. The easing of the vigil accompanies prayer and generosity, showing a community of varied capacities rather than a single uniform daily schedule.", "verse": 20 } ], "history": [ { "title": "An opening and a later conclusion", "body": "Quran.com’s introduction distinguishes the early Makkan opening from a later final verse and adopts a Madinan date for the conclusion. Other consulted reports do not give the same interval, so exact dating remains qualified here.", "source": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/info" }, { "title": "The one-year interval in a primary report", "body": "Muslim 746a preserves Aisha’s account that the Prophet and companions kept the initial vigil for a year before the easing passage arrived. The report is cited directly rather than converted into a speculative calendar year.", "source": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:746a" }, { "title": "Commentary preserves more than one chronology", "body": "Ma’arif al-Qur’an discusses the early easing report and the view that the final verse is Madinan. This reader keeps the agreement about a later concession separate from disagreement about its precise setting.", "source": "https://quran.com/al-muzzammil/20/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran" }, { "title": "Worship joined to generosity", "body": "The final verse moves from manageable recitation to prayer, the poor-due, a goodly loan and seeking forgiveness. The passage’s practical breadth belongs to its own wording, not an added reconstruction of a particular caravan.", "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/073.htm" } ], "revelationNote": "Early Makkan opening with a later final verse. Muslim 746a reports a one-year interval; Quran.com’s introduction adopts a later Madinan setting, while Ma’arif al-Qur’an discusses differing explanations. No exact calendar year is asserted." }