{
  "number": 71,
  "slug": "nuh",
  "name": "Nuh",
  "arabicName": "نوح",
  "meaning": "Noah",
  "period": "Makkan",
  "juz": 29,
  "tagline": "A LONG CALL, OPEN SKIES & A FINAL PRAYER",
  "overview": "Noah recounts a patient mission conducted publicly and privately. Invitations to forgiveness lead through rain, growth, the heavens, and the earth, before the narrative confronts entrenched leadership, drowning, and a closing prayer for believers.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_71.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=15"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=19"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=26"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=71&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/nuh/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Cult names in a transmitted account · Bukhari 4920",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4920"
    },
    {
      "title": "Noah’s mission · Quran 29:14",
      "url": "https://quran.com/al-ankabut/14"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Ark and Al-Judi · Quran 11:44",
      "url": "https://quran.com/hud/44"
    },
    {
      "title": "Forgiveness in Noah’s call · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/nuh/10/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE Hijrah boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِۦٓ أَنْ أَنذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "Indeed, We sent Noah to his people, [saying], \"Warn your people before there comes to them a painful punishment.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "قَالَ يَٰقَوْمِ إِنِّى لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌۭ مُّبِينٌ",
      "translation": "He said, \"O my people, indeed I am to you a clear warner,"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "أَنِ ٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ",
      "translation": "[Saying], 'Worship Allah, fear Him and obey me."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "يَغْفِرْ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍۢ مُّسَمًّى ۚ إِنَّ أَجَلَ ٱللَّهِ إِذَا جَآءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ ۖ لَوْ كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ",
      "translation": "Allah will forgive you of your sins and delay you for a specified term. Indeed, the time [set by] Allah, when it comes, will not be delayed, if you only knew.' \""
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِى لَيْلًۭا وَنَهَارًۭا",
      "translation": "He said, \"My Lord, indeed I invited my people [to truth] night and day."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَآءِىٓ إِلَّا فِرَارًۭا",
      "translation": "But my invitation increased them not except in flight."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَإِنِّى كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوٓا۟ أَصَٰبِعَهُمْ فِىٓ ءَاذَانِهِمْ وَٱسْتَغْشَوْا۟ ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا۟ وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ ٱسْتِكْبَارًۭا",
      "translation": "And indeed, every time I invited them that You may forgive them, they put their fingers in their ears, covered themselves with their garments, persisted, and were arrogant with [great] arrogance."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ إِنِّى دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًۭا",
      "translation": "Then I invited them publicly."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ إِنِّىٓ أَعْلَنتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًۭا",
      "translation": "Then I announced to them and [also] confided to them secretly"
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "فَقُلْتُ ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ غَفَّارًۭا",
      "translation": "And said, 'Ask forgiveness of your Lord. Indeed, He is ever a Perpetual Forgiver."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "يُرْسِلِ ٱلسَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًۭا",
      "translation": "He will send [rain from] the sky upon you in [continuing] showers"
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَيُمْدِدْكُم بِأَمْوَٰلٍۢ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ جَنَّٰتٍۢ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ أَنْهَٰرًۭا",
      "translation": "And give you increase in wealth and children and provide for you gardens and provide for you rivers."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "مَّا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًۭا",
      "translation": "What is [the matter] with you that you do not attribute to Allah [due] grandeur"
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا",
      "translation": "While He has created you in stages?"
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ تَرَوْا۟ كَيْفَ خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَٰوَٰتٍۢ طِبَاقًۭا",
      "translation": "Do you not consider how Allah has created seven heavens in layers"
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "وَجَعَلَ ٱلْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًۭا وَجَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًۭا",
      "translation": "And made the moon therein a [reflected] light and made the sun a burning lamp?"
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "وَٱللَّهُ أَنۢبَتَكُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًۭا",
      "translation": "And Allah has caused you to grow from the earth a [progressive] growth."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًۭا",
      "translation": "Then He will return you into it and extract you [another] extraction."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًۭا",
      "translation": "And Allah has made for you the earth an expanse"
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "لِّتَسْلُكُوا۟ مِنْهَا سُبُلًۭا فِجَاجًۭا",
      "translation": "That you may follow therein roads of passage.' \""
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "قَالَ نُوحٌۭ رَّبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِى وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ مَن لَّمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُۥ وَوَلَدُهُۥٓ إِلَّا خَسَارًۭا",
      "translation": "Noah said, \"My Lord, indeed they have disobeyed me and followed him whose wealth and children will not increase him except in loss."
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "وَمَكَرُوا۟ مَكْرًۭا كُبَّارًۭا",
      "translation": "And they conspired an immense conspiracy."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "وَقَالُوا۟ لَا تَذَرُنَّ ءَالِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّۭا وَلَا سُوَاعًۭا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًۭا",
      "translation": "And said, 'Never leave your gods and never leave Wadd or Suwa' or Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا۟ كَثِيرًۭا ۖ وَلَا تَزِدِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَٰلًۭا",
      "translation": "And already they have misled many. And, [my Lord], do not increase the wrongdoers except in error.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "مِّمَّا خَطِيٓـَٰٔتِهِمْ أُغْرِقُوا۟ فَأُدْخِلُوا۟ نَارًۭا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا۟ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَنصَارًۭا",
      "translation": "Because of their sins they were drowned and put into the Fire, and they found not for themselves besides Allah [any] helpers."
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "وَقَالَ نُوحٌۭ رَّبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ مِنَ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ دَيَّارًا",
      "translation": "And Noah said, \"My Lord, do not leave upon the earth from among the disbelievers an inhabitant."
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا۟ عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوٓا۟ إِلَّا فَاجِرًۭا كَفَّارًۭا",
      "translation": "Indeed, if You leave them, they will mislead Your servants and not beget except [every] wicked one and [confirmed] disbeliever."
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "رَّبِّ ٱغْفِرْ لِى وَلِوَٰلِدَىَّ وَلِمَن دَخَلَ بَيْتِىَ مُؤْمِنًۭا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًۢا",
      "translation": "My Lord, forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house a believer and the believing men and believing women. And do not increase the wrongdoers except in destruction.\""
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Indeed, We",
      "[We] sent",
      "Nuh",
      "to",
      "his people,",
      "that",
      "\"Warn",
      "your people",
      "from",
      "before",
      "[that]",
      "comes to them",
      "a punishment",
      "painful.\""
    ],
    [
      "He said,",
      "\"O my people!",
      "Indeed, I am",
      "to you",
      "a warner",
      "clear."
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "Worship",
      "Allah,",
      "and fear Him",
      "and obey me."
    ],
    [
      "He will forgive",
      "for you",
      "[of]",
      "your sins",
      "and give you respite",
      "for",
      "a term",
      "specified.",
      "Indeed,",
      "(the) term,",
      "(of) Allah,",
      "when",
      "it comes",
      "not",
      "is delayed,",
      "if",
      "you",
      "know.\""
    ],
    [
      "He said,",
      "\"My Lord!",
      "Indeed, I",
      "invited",
      "my people",
      "night",
      "and day."
    ],
    [
      "But not",
      "increased them",
      "my invitation",
      "except",
      "(in) flight."
    ],
    [
      "And indeed, I",
      "every time,",
      "I invited them",
      "that You may forgive",
      "them,",
      "they put",
      "their fingers",
      "in",
      "their ears",
      "and covered themselves",
      "(with) their garments",
      "and persisted",
      "and were arrogant",
      "(with) pride."
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "indeed, I",
      "invited them",
      "publicly."
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "indeed, I",
      "announced",
      "to them",
      "and I confided",
      "to them",
      "secretly,"
    ],
    [
      "Then I said,",
      "\"Ask forgiveness",
      "(from) your Lord.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "is",
      "Oft-Forgiving."
    ],
    [
      "He will send down",
      "(rain from) the sky",
      "upon you",
      "(in) abundance,"
    ],
    [
      "And provide you",
      "with wealth",
      "and children,",
      "and make",
      "for you",
      "gardens",
      "and make",
      "for you",
      "rivers."
    ],
    [
      "What",
      "(is) for you,",
      "not",
      "you attribute",
      "to Allah",
      "grandeur?"
    ],
    [
      "And indeed,",
      "He created you",
      "(in) stages."
    ],
    [
      "Do not",
      "you see",
      "how",
      "did create",
      "Allah",
      "(the) seven",
      "heavens",
      "(in) layers,"
    ],
    [
      "And made",
      "the moon",
      "therein",
      "a light",
      "and made",
      "the sun",
      "a lamp?"
    ],
    [
      "And Allah",
      "has caused you to grow",
      "from",
      "the earth",
      "(as) a growth."
    ],
    [
      "Then",
      "He will return you",
      "into it",
      "and bring you forth,",
      "(a new) bringing forth."
    ],
    [
      "And Allah",
      "made",
      "for you",
      "the earth",
      "an expanse,"
    ],
    [
      "That you may go along",
      "therein",
      "(in) paths",
      "wide.\""
    ],
    [
      "Said",
      "Nuh,",
      "\"My Lord!",
      "Indeed, they",
      "disobeyed me",
      "and followed",
      "(the one) who,",
      "(did) not",
      "increase him",
      "his wealth,",
      "and his children",
      "except",
      "(in) loss."
    ],
    [
      "And they have planned,",
      "a plan",
      "great."
    ],
    [
      "And they said,",
      "\"(Do) not",
      "leave",
      "your gods,",
      "and (do) not",
      "leave",
      "Wadd",
      "and not",
      "Suwa",
      "and not",
      "Yaguth",
      "and Yauq",
      "and Nasr.\""
    ],
    [
      "And indeed,",
      "they have led astray",
      "many.",
      "And not",
      "increase",
      "the wrongdoers",
      "except",
      "(in) error.\""
    ],
    [
      "Because of",
      "their sins",
      "they were drowned,",
      "then made to enter",
      "(the) Fire,",
      "and not",
      "they found",
      "for themselves",
      "from",
      "besides",
      "Allah",
      "any helpers."
    ],
    [
      "And said",
      "Nuh,",
      "\"My Lord!",
      "(Do) not",
      "leave",
      "on",
      "the earth",
      "any",
      "(of) the disbelievers",
      "(as) an inhabitant."
    ],
    [
      "Indeed, You,",
      "if",
      "You leave them",
      "they will mislead",
      "Your slaves",
      "and not",
      "they will beget",
      "except",
      "a wicked,",
      "a disbeliever."
    ],
    [
      "My Lord!",
      "Forgive",
      "me",
      "and my parents,",
      "and whoever",
      "enters",
      "my house -",
      "a believer",
      "and the believing men",
      "and the believing women.",
      "And (do) not",
      "increase",
      "the wrongdoers",
      "except",
      "(in) destruction.\""
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "A warning before the appointed end",
    "A messenger addresses his own people",
    "Worship, responsibility, and response",
    "Forgiveness and a limited opportunity",
    "Calling through night and day",
    "An invitation repeatedly refused",
    "Closing ears and covering faces",
    "The public call",
    "Speaking openly and privately",
    "The invitation to seek forgiveness",
    "Rain from an opened sky",
    "Gardens, rivers, and provision",
    "Recognizing the dignity of the Creator",
    "Created through stages",
    "Seven heavens in harmony",
    "Moonlight and the sun’s lamp",
    "Growing from the earth",
    "Return and a new emergence",
    "An earth made spacious",
    "Paths through the valleys",
    "Following wealth into loss",
    "A determined scheme",
    "Five names defended",
    "The consequences of misleading",
    "Drowning and the absence of helpers",
    "Noah’s final appeal",
    "A fear of continuing corruption",
    "A prayer that includes the believers"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "Noah is sent to warn his own people before a painful end arrives. The story begins with an opportunity to respond. Neither an ancient calendar year nor the name of his settlement is supplied in this verse.",
    "Calling them his people gives the warning a relationship and a human setting. Noah identifies his task plainly. The emphasis falls on making the message understandable, rather than claiming status through wealth or public influence.",
    "Three connected directions shape the call: worship Allah, act with awareness of responsibility, and respond to the messenger. The following verses show how persistently that invitation was delivered and how varied its settings became.",
    "Forgiveness and a period of respite are offered, while the appointed end cannot be postponed once it arrives. The verse makes the present opportunity significant. It does not provide a date that a reader can calculate.",
    "Noah describes sustained effort through night and day. These words establish the persistence of his mission without giving a schedule of particular speeches. The focus is the constancy of the invitation despite its difficult reception.",
    "The call is met with increasing avoidance. Noah reports an outcome he cannot control, even while continuing his work. The verse distinguishes the effort to communicate from the willingness of an audience to receive it.",
    "Fingers placed in ears and garments drawn around people make refusal visible. The verse then names persistence and pride beneath those actions. The narrative concerns deliberate rejection, rather than an inability to hear or understand speech.",
    "Noah also calls aloud. After the account of resistance, this short statement marks another effort to reach the community. The surah gives attention to the manner of communication as well as the message being conveyed.",
    "Public proclamation and private appeal appear together. Noah varies the setting without abandoning the substance of his call. The pairing invites reflection on the different circumstances in which people may be willing to listen.",
    "The invitation is to seek the Lord’s forgiveness, whose readiness to forgive is emphasized. This is the hopeful center of the appeal. The next verses place that invitation alongside images of renewed life and provision.",
    "Abundant rain follows the invitation to return. Within Noah’s address it evokes relief and the possibility of flourishing. It should be read as part of this particular scriptural appeal, rather than a forecast for a modern location.",
    "Wealth, children, gardens, and rivers describe the community’s hoped-for flourishing. Their place in Noah’s invitation connects material life with responsibility. The verse does not make a person’s possessions or family circumstances a simple measure of worth.",
    "The question turns from promised gifts to the regard owed to their giver. Noah asks his audience to reconsider its orientation toward Allah. The following signs of creation develop that appeal through familiar human experience.",
    "Human creation through stages becomes a reason for reflection. The verse does not list a modern biological sequence. Its role in the passage is to make people consider the dependence and development within their own existence.",
    "The heavens widen the field of attention beyond the individual. Their ordered arrangement is presented as a sign to consider. The text’s seven heavens belong to its theological description, without a proposed map of modern astronomical layers.",
    "The moon is described as a light and the sun as a lamp. These familiar features of the sky support Noah’s appeal. The verse invites attention to creation without turning the comparison into a detailed scientific model.",
    "The language of growth connects human life with the earth. It follows signs above and returns attention to the ground beneath people. The image also prepares for the next verse’s movement of return and renewed emergence.",
    "Return to the earth is followed by being brought forth again. The passage joins human origin, death, and resurrection in one movement. The final emergence is a scriptural promise, not an excavated event on a historical timeline.",
    "The earth is described through its spacious availability for human life. Read with the following verse, the emphasis is habitation and movement. The language need not be turned into a technical statement about the planet’s geometry.",
    "Valley paths complete the description of an earth people can traverse. The landscape supports movement, connection, and livelihood. No particular valley is named, so the illustration offers a broad setting rather than an identified route.",
    "Noah reports that people follow a figure whose wealth and children increase loss rather than wisdom. Possession and influence prove unreliable guides. The chapter does not name that leader or identify an excavated royal residence.",
    "The opposition includes deliberate planning, rather than only private disbelief. The next verse makes part of its purpose clear: keeping people attached to established objects of worship. No additional political conspiracy is supplied beyond the text.",
    "Five cult names are given in the opponents’ appeal. A report from Ibn Abbas later connects these names with memorial figures and Arabian cults. That transmitted explanation is distinguished from the Quran’s wording and from archaeological identification.",
    "Noah connects the leaders’ influence with many people being led astray. The verse continues his address to Allah. Its concern is the spread of wrongdoing through a community, not a modern label assigned to an unfamiliar group.",
    "The narrative states that wrongdoing was followed by drowning and then Fire. No helpers could replace Allah. The flood is not dated here, and the passage should not be used to identify every later disaster with this particular judgment.",
    "Noah’s severe appeal belongs to the conclusion of this narrated mission after prolonged refusal. It is addressed to Allah. The verse reports a prophetic prayer in its story, rather than giving readers authority to harm other people.",
    "The prayer expresses Noah’s fear that continuing influence will perpetuate rejection and corruption. Read in its narrative setting, it is not a method for predicting a child’s character or deciding the ultimate fate of present-day families.",
    "The final prayer includes Noah, his parents, believing visitors, and believing men and women. Its reach expands beyond the immediate household. The chapter closes with dependence on forgiveness alongside its judgment on persistent wrongdoing."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 4,
      "title": "A clear call before the appointed end",
      "summary": "Noah warns his people and offers a path of worship, responsibility, forgiveness, and time to respond.",
      "reflection": "What makes an important invitation both clear and compassionate?"
    },
    {
      "start": 5,
      "end": 12,
      "title": "A persistent invitation and the promise of rain",
      "summary": "Night and day, in public and in private, Noah calls people toward forgiveness and renewed life.",
      "reflection": "How can you remain patient while adjusting the way you communicate?"
    },
    {
      "start": 13,
      "end": 20,
      "title": "Signs above, within, and beneath",
      "summary": "Human development, the heavens, the moon and sun, and the earth’s paths become reasons to recognize the Creator.",
      "reflection": "Which ordinary feature of the world deserves your closer attention?"
    },
    {
      "start": 21,
      "end": 28,
      "title": "Entrenched power, the flood, and a final prayer",
      "summary": "Misleading influence and defended cults lead to judgment; Noah concludes with a prayer for forgiveness that includes believing men and women.",
      "reflection": "How can influence and possessions either serve a community or lead it away from responsibility?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Noah’s long mission · a scriptural duration",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Quran 29:14 describes Noah remaining among his people for a thousand years less fifty. This is a narrative duration, not an absolute BCE date or a statement of his entire lifespan.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/al-ankabut/14"
    },
    {
      "title": "The flood · ancient account without a calendar date",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verse 25 recounts drowning. The surah gives no dated archaeological horizon; the wider Quran describes the Ark resting on Al-Judi in 11:44.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/hud/44"
    },
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Makkan classification",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Nuh is classified as Makkan. The year marks the Hijrah boundary, verified in the historical reference, rather than an exact year for the surah’s revelation or for Noah’s lifetime.",
      "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · setting of the revelation period",
      "body": "The Makkan classification concerns the later audience receiving this surah. It should be distinguished from the much earlier community described in Noah’s story.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/nuh/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "earth-paths",
      "name": "Gardens, rivers, and valley paths",
      "body": "The chapter describes a lived landscape of rain, cultivation, and movement without naming Noah’s settlement. The scene is an imaginative reconstruction of those themes.",
      "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/071.htm",
      "image": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "al-judi",
      "name": "Al-Judi · a place named in the wider Quran",
      "body": "Quran 11:44 names Al-Judi as the Ark’s resting place. Nuh itself recounts drowning without naming this place; no exact modern landing point or surviving vessel is asserted here.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/hud/44",
      "image": 3
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "noah",
      "title": "Noah · Nuh",
      "body": "The prophet addresses his own people through a long, varied mission. His place belongs early in the Quran’s prophetic narratives; this surah supplies no birth date, verified grave, or portrait.",
      "verse": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "leaders",
      "title": "Influential leaders · unnamed in the chapter",
      "body": "Noah criticizes the influence of wealth and children when it deepens loss, and describes a determined plan to preserve established worship. The leaders are not personally named.",
      "verse": 21
    },
    {
      "id": "cult-names",
      "title": "Wadd, Suwa, Yaghuth, Ya‘uq, and Nasr",
      "body": "These are the five names defended in verse 23. Bukhari 4920 preserves Ibn Abbas’s explanation connecting their memorial origins and later Arabian cults; the report is not proof of identified archaeological statues.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4920",
      "label": "Read the transmitted account"
    },
    {
      "id": "believers",
      "title": "Believing men and women",
      "body": "The closing prayer reaches beyond Noah’s household to believers more widely. Its inclusion of men and women gives the chapter’s final appeal a broad communal scope.",
      "verse": 28
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "Two times within one reading",
      "body": "The chapter belongs to the Makkan period of revelation and tells an earlier prophetic story. Those two settings are kept separate; no exact ancient year is added.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/nuh/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "How the cult names were remembered",
      "body": "Bukhari 4920 transmits Ibn Abbas’s account of names associated with righteous people, later memorial images, and subsequent worship. It also relates the names to Arabian tribes. This is attributed tradition, not a catalogue of verified excavated objects.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4920"
    },
    {
      "title": "Forgiveness and responsibility",
      "body": "Ma’arif al-Qur’an discusses forgiveness in Noah’s appeal and distinguishes wrongdoing involving other people’s rights. The reading notes retain the chapter’s hopeful invitation while connecting return with responsibility.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/nuh/10/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "Why an Ark appears in the wider scene",
      "body": "Surah Nuh explicitly mentions drowning. The Ark and Al-Judi come from Quran 11:44, so an illustrated vessel is a cross-reference to the wider Quranic narrative rather than a quotation from this chapter.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/hud/44"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Makkan. The 622 CE milestone is the Hijrah boundary, not a precise revelation date. Noah’s mission and the flood remain undated in absolute calendar years. The 950-year duration comes from Quran 29:14; Al-Judi comes from 11:44. Landscapes are illustrative and Noah is not depicted."
}