{ "number": 55, "slug": "rahman", "name": "Ar-Rahman", "arabicName": "الرحمن", "meaning": "The Lord of Mercy", "period": "Makkan / Madinan (disputed)", "tagline": "MERCY, FAIR MEASURE & THE QUESTION OF GRATITUDE", "overview": "Teaching, speech, balance, earth, and the seas unfold as gifts addressed to humans and jinn. A recurring question accompanies mortality, accountability, and paired gardens, drawing the hearer toward recognition and praise.", "sources": [ { "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_55.json" }, { "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)", "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=9" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=14" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=19" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=24" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=29" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=33" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=52" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=37" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=41" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=46" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=1" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=74" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=56" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=62" }, { "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)", "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=69" }, { "title": "Classification and overview · Quran.com", "url": "https://quran.com/55/info" }, { "title": "Easts, wests, and the waters · Ibn Kathir", "url": "https://quran.com/55/19/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir" }, { "title": "622 CE Hijrah boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)", "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira" }, { "title": "622–632 CE period boundaries · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)", "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mahomet" } ], "titles": [ "The Lord of Mercy", "The Quran made known", "Humanity created", "The gift of expression", "Sun and moon in order", "Stars and trees in adoration", "The sky and the balance", "Do not exceed the measure", "Maintain fair measure", "Earth for its creatures", "Fruit and sheltered palm growth", "Grain and fragrant plants", "Which favors will you deny? · 1", "Clay and human origin", "The origin of jinn", "Which favors will you deny? · 2", "The two easts and two wests", "Which favors will you deny? · 3", "The two seas meet", "A boundary between waters", "Which favors will you deny? · 4", "Pearls and coral", "Which favors will you deny? · 5", "Ships displayed upon the sea", "Which favors will you deny? · 6", "Earthly life passes away", "The Lord of majesty remains", "Which favors will you deny? · 7", "All creation depends upon Him", "Which favors will you deny? · 8", "The two accountable communities", "Which favors will you deny? · 9", "No independent escape", "Which favors will you deny? · 10", "A warning without escape", "Which favors will you deny? · 11", "The sky transformed", "Which favors will you deny? · 12", "An account needing no discovery", "Which favors will you deny? · 13", "Wrongdoing becomes recognizable", "Which favors will you deny? · 14", "The denied consequence named", "Circling through the warning", "Which favors will you deny? · 15", "Two gardens for reverent responsibility", "Which favors will you deny? · 16", "Spreading branches", "Which favors will you deny? · 17", "Two flowing fountains", "Which favors will you deny? · 18", "Fruit in pairs", "Which favors will you deny? · 19", "Rest with fruit close at hand", "Which favors will you deny? · 20", "Modest companionship", "Which favors will you deny? · 21", "Precious beauty", "Which favors will you deny? · 22", "Goodness answered with goodness", "Which favors will you deny? · 23", "Two further gardens", "Which favors will you deny? · 24", "A deep green landscape", "Which favors will you deny? · 25", "Two abundant springs", "Which favors will you deny? · 26", "Dates and pomegranates", "Which favors will you deny? · 27", "Goodness with beauty", "Which favors will you deny? · 28", "Companionship in pavilions", "Which favors will you deny? · 29", "Untouched purity recalled", "Which favors will you deny? · 30", "Green cushions and beautiful carpets", "Which favors will you deny? · 31", "Bless the Lord’s name" ], "notes": [ "The chapter begins with a divine name that establishes mercy as its frame. The following gifts are read within that opening. No bodily image represents the Beneficent; the illustrations attend to creation and provision.", "Teaching the Quran appears before the account of human creation in this opening sequence. Guidance is presented as a central gift. The verse places learning within mercy rather than treating knowledge as mere possession.", "Human creation follows the gift of revelation. The short statement introduces the being who will receive instruction and utterance. The chapter will later place humanity alongside jinn as responsible recipients of the repeated question.", "Human beings are taught expression, making communication part of the chapter’s account of mercy. The gift can convey knowledge, need, and gratitude. Its place near the opening invites attention to how speech is used.", "The sun and moon follow an ordered course. Their regularity becomes one of the signs surrounding human life. The verse directs attention to dependable order without supplying a modern astronomical formula or a dated sky event.", "Pickthall’s rendering joins stars and trees in adoration. The scene extends acknowledgment beyond human voices and buildings. The verse concerns creation’s relation to its Lord, rather than an instruction to worship the created objects themselves.", "The raised sky is joined with the setting of measure or balance. The next verses turn that language toward human fairness. The sequence links a larger order with the responsibility to act justly within it.", "The instruction forbids exceeding the measure established in the preceding verse. The passage moves from describing creation to directing conduct. Recognition of order should affect the way people handle limits and obligations toward one another.", "The positive instruction to weigh justly is paired with a prohibition on shortfall. Both excess and deprivation matter. The verse gives balance a practical ethical dimension, extending the chapter’s gifts into the responsibilities of exchange.", "The earth is appointed for creatures, broadening the perspective beyond one owner or community. The following produce makes that provision tangible. The verse invites reflection on a shared world without naming a particular estate or border.", "Fruit and palm trees give the earth’s provision a familiar form. Their place in the sequence makes nourishment part of mercy. The verse offers recognizable examples rather than an exhaustive catalogue of every living benefit.", "Grain and fragrant growth add sustenance and sensory delight to the list. The world is encountered through more than utility alone. The coming refrain asks how its recipients respond to these ordinary but sustaining gifts.", "After grain, palms, and human expression, the question asks whether familiar provision has been recognized as a gift. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "Human creation is described through clay like a potter’s. The comparison evokes material dependence and formed life. A vessel or clay landscape can support reflection without pretending to show the actual creation of a prophet or person.", "The jinn are described as created from smokeless fire. This supplies a revealed account of their origin, not a visual description of their bodies. The illustration leaves unseen beings unpictured while the text remains fully present.", "Following the two accounts of origin, the refrain addresses the responsibility shared by humans and unseen jinn. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "The Lord of the two easts and two wests is named. Ibn Kathir discusses seasonal sunrise and sunset in explaining the expression. The attribution offers context without restricting the verse to one modern observational site.", "The repeated question follows the naming of the two easts and wests, bringing the ordered horizon into reflection. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "Two seas are described as released and meeting. Their names and coordinates are not supplied. The landscape can evoke waters coming together while keeping the distinction between the Quran’s wording and later geographic identifications.", "A barrier limits the waters in the account. The verse emphasizes order and boundaries within creation. It does not identify a photographed meeting of two named oceans or provide a complete modern explanation of water mixing.", "After the meeting waters and their boundary, the refrain asks the listener to move from observation toward acknowledgment. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "Pearls and coral appear among the gifts associated with the waters. The movement from vast seas to small precious objects broadens attention. Their mention gives no archaeological provenance for a particular jewel or ancient ornament.", "Pearls and coral bring the question close to small objects of beauty drawn from the vastness of the waters. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "Ships rise visibly upon the sea in a striking comparison. Human travel and exchange depend on the created world through which they move. The verse names no individual vessel, harbor, or documented voyage for reconstruction.", "After ships upon the sea, the refrain connects travel and exchange with the created conditions that make them possible. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "The permanence people may imagine in familiar life is interrupted by the statement that its inhabitants pass away. This changes the scale of gratitude. Gifts are received within mortality rather than possessed without limit.", "The Lord’s enduring Countenance is expressed in theological language beside might and glory. It contrasts with the passing world. The wording remains in the text without a physical face, figure, or other divine depiction.", "The question returns after mortality and enduring majesty, placing gratitude within a life that cannot hold its gifts forever. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "Those in heaven and earth entreat the Lord, whose activity is continual in the verse’s account. Dependence is not confined to one crisis. The chapter widens recognition from particular gifts to the condition of receiving itself.", "Creation’s continual dependence is followed by the refrain, making acknowledgment more than a response to one extraordinary event. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "The address turns explicitly toward the two dependent communities, humans and jinn. The change intensifies the theme of accountability. The refrain’s dual address now stands within a direct warning rather than only descriptions of provision.", "The direct address to humans and jinn gives this repetition a sharper connection with their coming accountability. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "Humans and jinn are challenged concerning passage beyond the regions of heaven and earth. The verse concerns power and permission within the surrounding account. It is not presented as a prohibition or prediction about human space travel.", "The challenge about escape is followed by the same question, linking responsibility with the limits of created power. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "Fire and a metallic flash intensify the warning to the two communities. The scene describes their inability to escape the account. It belongs to the revealed future and does not identify an earthly weapon or natural disaster.", "The refrain stands within the warning, asking its hearers to reckon with truth as well as pleasant provision. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "The split sky is compared with rosy or red hide in Pickthall’s rendering. Familiar color helps evoke an unfamiliar transformation. The scene remains illustrative of the promised future, without claiming a photograph of that event.", "The transformed sky is followed by the familiar question, carrying its rhythm into the account of the future Event. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "The verse states that neither human nor jinni will be questioned about sin in this scene. Its force concerns complete knowledge, not ignorance of conduct. It should not erase other Quranic descriptions of the stages of judgment.", "After the statement about questioning, the refrain emphasizes that hidden conduct lies within an account beyond human concealment. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "The guilty are recognized by their marks in the narrated account. This is a statement about judgment beyond ordinary human knowledge. It does not teach readers to identify a person’s hidden guilt from present physical features.", "Recognition of the guilty is followed by the question, keeping the warning within the chapter’s address to both communities. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "The consequence that the guilty denied is named directly as hell. The verse confronts rejection with the reality described by the chapter. It does not provide an earthly location or identify a present landscape as that place.", "Movement between the Fire and boiling water continues the severe scene. It contrasts with the free-flowing fountains described later. The reading retains the warning while the illustration avoids making graphic suffering the focus of attention.", "The final refrain in this severe scene prepares the transition from denied consequences to a promise of welcome. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "Two gardens are promised to the one mindful of standing before the Lord. The chapter turns from warning to welcome. Accountability is therefore presented with hope as well as severity, while the gardens remain unseen.", "The first promise of two gardens is immediately met by the question, inviting hope to become thankful recognition. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "The gardens are characterized by branching growth. This detail begins a sequence of shelter, water, and fruit. It conveys life and fullness without identifying a particular terrestrial grove as the exact place being promised.", "Branching growth gives this repetition a setting of shade and fullness, opening the garden’s details to attentive reflection. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "Flowing fountains bring movement and refreshment into the gardens. Their pairing continues the chapter’s recurring forms of duality. The scene offers an image of provision without specifying an earthly spring or a measurable engineering design.", "Two flowing fountains precede the refrain, returning the listener to water as a sustaining and refreshing gift. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "Every kind of fruit is described in pairs. Abundance and variety shape the welcome. The verse does not establish a botanical inventory for a modern garden; it belongs to the chapter’s account of promised delight.", "Paired fruits make abundance concrete before the repeated question asks what response such welcome should bring from its recipients. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "Couches and fruit within reach join comfort with access. Provision is not merely visible but easily received. The passage evokes an honored welcome, while the artwork remains an imaginative garden scene rather than a reconstruction of the unseen.", "Rest and accessible fruit precede the refrain, joining the value of provision with the ease of receiving it. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "Companions are described through a modest gaze and untouched purity. Their place is within the garden promise rather than an earthly biography. The illustration attends to setting and welcome without turning this language into a sensual portrait.", "The question follows honored companionship, inviting recognition of relational peace alongside the surrounding gifts of the garden. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "Jacynth and coral supply comparisons for beauty. Such imagery conveys preciousness through materials familiar to the listener. The verse does not require a literal portrait or an identified jewel to communicate the honor of the promised scene.", "Comparisons with precious materials lead back to the refrain, preventing the description from ending merely in admiration of beauty. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "A question asks whether goodness is answered by anything other than goodness. It draws an ethical meaning from the preceding garden description. The listener is invited to consider conduct and response, not simply admire the surrounding imagery.", "The question about goodness answering goodness is followed by the refrain, drawing ethical response into the account of gifts. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "Two additional gardens are introduced after the first pair. The text distinguishes them through the details that follow. The reading preserves the pairing without drawing an exact map or assigning named people to particular garden areas.", "Two further gardens renew the description, and the repeated question invites a fresh hearing instead of automatic familiarity. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "Dense green foliage gives the new garden scene its first vivid feature. The color suggests flourishing life in the passage. An earthly illustration evokes that description while remaining an artistic aid rather than a claim of direct sight.", "Deep green foliage supplies the immediate setting, while the refrain asks the hearer to notice the life it evokes. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "The second pair of gardens contains abundant springs. This echoes the earlier water imagery while giving this description its own emphasis. The promise concerns plentiful provision, without naming a geological formation or a modern spring.", "The abundant springs are followed by another opportunity to acknowledge provision, with water again central to the scene’s welcome. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "Fruit, date palms, and pomegranates make the welcome concrete. Familiar produce helps the listener approach an unseen promise. The verse gives selected examples of abundance rather than a complete list of everything in the gardens.", "Dates, pomegranates, and other fruit precede the question, bringing specific nourishment into the chapter’s recurring invitation to gratitude. The wording remains the same, while its setting gives the listener a different reason to consider an answer.", "The description combines goodness and beauty in the companions of the scene. Moral and relational qualities accompany delight. The reading does not reduce the promise to outward appearance or use it as a basis for an erotic illustration.", "The joining of goodness and beauty gives this refrain a relational setting, extending recognition beyond physical resources alone. Its recurrence pauses the unfolding description so that the hearer can respond, rather than simply pass to another image.", "The companions are described as sheltered within pavilions. The setting conveys protection and honor in the garden account. The artwork can evoke the pavilions themselves without claiming knowledge of the unseen figures’ physical appearance.", "Sheltered pavilions precede the repeated question, making protection and honored companionship part of the listener’s reflection on welcome. The familiar question belongs to both addressed communities, joining the chapter’s changing scenes within a shared responsibility to acknowledge.", "The earlier language of untouched companionship returns in the second garden description. Repetition links the two scenes while preserving their separate details. The verse remains part of the revealed promise rather than a description of identifiable historical people.", "The renewed description of purity is followed by the refrain, linking this garden scene with the earlier pair. Here the repeated words connect the immediate detail with the wider theme of mercy, dependence, and an accountable response.", "The final garden detail is a place of rest on green cushions and fine carpets. Comfort concludes the sequence of provision and companionship. The picture evokes hospitality without claiming exact unseen objects, dimensions, or materials.", "After the last image of restful hospitality, the final question prepares the closing blessing of the Lord’s name. Addressed to humans and jinn, the question invites recognition and gratitude rather than passive observation of the preceding scene.", "The closing verse blesses the name of the Lord of might and glory. After repeated questions about gifts, the response becomes praise. The chapter ends by directing attention from what is received toward its giver." ], "sections": [ { "start": 1, "end": 13, "title": "Teaching, balance, and the earth’s provision", "summary": "Mercy frames revelation, expression, cosmic order, fair measure, and the nourishment of earthly creatures.", "reflection": "What gift becomes easier to appreciate when you also consider the responsibility it brings?" }, { "start": 14, "end": 25, "title": "Two origins, two seas, and ships upon the water", "summary": "Humans and jinn are addressed through their origins as horizons, meeting waters, pearls, and ships widen the account of provision.", "reflection": "Which part of the natural world most clearly reveals your dependence on what you do not control?" }, { "start": 26, "end": 45, "title": "What passes away and the account that remains", "summary": "Mortality and dependence lead to a warning addressed to both communities, with the refrain continuing through the scene of judgment.", "reflection": "How can awareness of limits make gratitude and responsibility more immediate?" }, { "start": 46, "end": 61, "title": "Two gardens and goodness answered", "summary": "Branches, fountains, paired fruit, and honored companionship describe welcome before the question about goodness and its response.", "reflection": "What form of goodness could you answer with goodness today?" }, { "start": 62, "end": 78, "title": "Two further gardens and a final blessing", "summary": "Deep green growth, springs, fruit, and restful hospitality lead through the last repetitions to praise of the Lord’s name.", "reflection": "What changes when a familiar blessing is noticed again as if for the first time?" } ], "timeline": [ { "title": "Before 622 CE · the Makkan classification", "year": 622, "body": "The chapter introduction favors a Makkan setting while recording a Madinan view. This boundary applies to the Makkan classification, not to an undisputed revelation year.", "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira" }, { "title": "622–632 CE · the alternative Madinan classification", "year": 622, "endYear": 632, "body": "A Madinan classification also exists in the source. This range gives that period’s historical boundaries only; the two timeline entries present alternatives rather than a continuous revelation span.", "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mahomet" }, { "title": "The refrain across the chapter", "year": null, "body": "The question about the Lord’s favors recurs thirty-one times, accompanying provision, warning, and gardens. This is the text’s structure, not a sequence of separately dated revelations.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm" }, { "title": "Judgment and gardens · future and undated", "year": null, "body": "The scenes of account and welcome belong to the revealed future. The chapter gives neither an earthly location nor a calendar date for them.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm" } ], "places": [ { "id": "makkah", "name": "Makkah · one reported revelation setting", "body": "The introduction favors a Makkan classification but records disagreement. The city is a broad contextual marker, not a claim about the exact place where every verse was revealed.", "lat": 21.4225, "lon": 39.8262, "source": "https://quran.com/55/info", "image": 0 }, { "id": "madinah", "name": "Madinah · the alternative classification", "body": "Some authorities place the chapter in the Madinan period. This alternative remains visible instead of being silently resolved into an exact date or single site.", "lat": 24.4672, "lon": 39.6111, "source": "https://quran.com/55/info", "image": 0 }, { "id": "meeting-waters", "name": "The meeting waters · unnamed in the text", "body": "Verses 19–20 describe two seas and a boundary without naming a geographic pair. The scene is illustrative; it is not offered as a photograph proving a specific modern identification.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm", "image": 1 }, { "id": "gardens", "name": "The paired gardens · an unseen promise", "body": "The garden descriptions guide the colors, branches, fountains, fruit, and pavilions in the artwork. They are not mapped as earthly destinations or presented as direct images of the hereafter.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm", "image": 3 } ], "people": [ { "id": "humans", "title": "Humanity · taught expression and called to fairness", "body": "Human creation and speech appear near the opening, followed by instructions about fair measure. The chapter joins receiving gifts with responsibility for how they are used.", "verse": 4 }, { "id": "jinn", "title": "The jinn · addressed but unpictured", "body": "Their origin and accountability are mentioned alongside humanity. The dual address includes them in the repeated question, without supplying a visual description or a basis for depicting their bodies.", "verse": 15 }, { "id": "accountable", "title": "The two communities at the account", "body": "Humans and jinn are directly addressed in the warning. The chapter supplies categories and responsibilities rather than a list of named individuals whose final standing can be announced.", "verse": 31 }, { "id": "garden-recipients", "title": "Those mindful of standing before their Lord", "body": "The promised gardens are linked with reverent responsibility. Their recipients are described by response, without a portrait, earthly address, or invented biography.", "verse": 46 } ], "history": [ { "title": "A classification that remains disputed", "body": "The introduction favors the Makkan view and records a Madinan alternative. This reader presents both broad settings without assigning a single uncontested date or repeating proposed chronology as certainty.", "source": "https://quran.com/55/info" }, { "title": "Thirty-one occasions to respond", "body": "The same question returns thirty-one times. Its surrounding subjects change from ordinary gifts to accountability and gardens, so each occurrence is read with its local context.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm" }, { "title": "Commentary on horizons and waters", "body": "Ibn Kathir discusses seasonal sunrise and sunset and interprets the meeting waters through fresh and salt water. These explanations are attributed commentary, distinguished from the Quran’s own unnamed geography.", "source": "https://quran.com/55/19/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir" }, { "title": "The visual limits of a revealed scene", "body": "The chapter addresses unseen jinn and describes the future account and gardens. Landscapes can evoke its imagery while leaving divine reality, unseen beings, and exact representations of the hereafter unpictured.", "source": "https://original.sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/055.htm" } ], "revelationNote": "Classification is disputed: the cited introduction favors Makkan and records a Madinan view. The calendar entries are alternative period boundaries, not precise revelation dates. All thirty-one refrains are retained. Jinn, divine reality, and the unseen account are not literally depicted.", "verses": [ { "n": 1, "arabic": "ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ", "translation": "The Most Merciful" }, { "n": 2, "arabic": "عَلَّمَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ", "translation": "Taught the Qur'an," }, { "n": 3, "arabic": "خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ", "translation": "Created man," }, { "n": 4, "arabic": "عَلَّمَهُ ٱلْبَيَانَ", "translation": "[And] taught him eloquence." }, { "n": 5, "arabic": "ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍۢ", "translation": "The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation," }, { "n": 6, "arabic": "وَٱلنَّجْمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ", "translation": "And the stars and trees prostrate." }, { "n": 7, "arabic": "وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ", "translation": "And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance" }, { "n": 8, "arabic": "أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْمِيزَانِ", "translation": "That you not transgress within the balance." }, { "n": 9, "arabic": "وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلْوَزْنَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا۟ ٱلْمِيزَانَ", "translation": "And establish weight in justice and do not make deficient the balance." }, { "n": 10, "arabic": "وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ", "translation": "And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures." }, { "n": 11, "arabic": "فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٌۭ وَٱلنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ ٱلْأَكْمَامِ", "translation": "Therein is fruit and palm trees having sheaths [of dates]" }, { "n": 12, "arabic": "وَٱلْحَبُّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْفِ وَٱلرَّيْحَانُ", "translation": "And grain having husks and scented plants." }, { "n": 13, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 14, "arabic": "خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ مِن صَلْصَٰلٍۢ كَٱلْفَخَّارِ", "translation": "He created man from clay like [that of] pottery." }, { "n": 15, "arabic": "وَخَلَقَ ٱلْجَآنَّ مِن مَّارِجٍۢ مِّن نَّارٍۢ", "translation": "And He created the jinn from a smokeless flame of fire." }, { "n": 16, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 17, "arabic": "رَبُّ ٱلْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ ٱلْمَغْرِبَيْنِ", "translation": "[He is] Lord of the two sunrises and Lord of the two sunsets." }, { "n": 18, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 19, "arabic": "مَرَجَ ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ", "translation": "He released the two seas, meeting [side by side];" }, { "n": 20, "arabic": "بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌۭ لَّا يَبْغِيَانِ", "translation": "Between them is a barrier [so] neither of them transgresses." }, { "n": 21, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 22, "arabic": "يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا ٱللُّؤْلُؤُ وَٱلْمَرْجَانُ", "translation": "From both of them emerge pearl and coral." }, { "n": 23, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 24, "arabic": "وَلَهُ ٱلْجَوَارِ ٱلْمُنشَـَٔاتُ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَٰمِ", "translation": "And to Him belong the ships [with sails] elevated in the sea like mountains." }, { "n": 25, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 26, "arabic": "كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍۢ", "translation": "Everyone upon the earth will perish," }, { "n": 27, "arabic": "وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو ٱلْجَلَٰلِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامِ", "translation": "And there will remain the Face of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor." }, { "n": 28, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 29, "arabic": "يَسْـَٔلُهُۥ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِى شَأْنٍۢ", "translation": "Whoever is within the heavens and earth asks Him; every day He is bringing about a matter." }, { "n": 30, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 31, "arabic": "سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَ ٱلثَّقَلَانِ", "translation": "We will attend to you, O prominent beings." }, { "n": 32, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 33, "arabic": "يَٰمَعْشَرَ ٱلْجِنِّ وَٱلْإِنسِ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَن تَنفُذُوا۟ مِنْ أَقْطَارِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱنفُذُوا۟ ۚ لَا تَنفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَٰنٍۢ", "translation": "O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah]." }, { "n": 34, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 35, "arabic": "يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌۭ مِّن نَّارٍۢ وَنُحَاسٌۭ فَلَا تَنتَصِرَانِ", "translation": "There will be sent upon you a flame of fire and smoke, and you will not defend yourselves." }, { "n": 36, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 37, "arabic": "فَإِذَا ٱنشَقَّتِ ٱلسَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ وَرْدَةًۭ كَٱلدِّهَانِ", "translation": "And when the heaven is split open and becomes rose-colored like oil -" }, { "n": 38, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 39, "arabic": "فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّا يُسْـَٔلُ عَن ذَنۢبِهِۦٓ إِنسٌۭ وَلَا جَآنٌّۭ", "translation": "Then on that Day none will be asked about his sin among men or jinn." }, { "n": 40, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 41, "arabic": "يُعْرَفُ ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَٰهُمْ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِٱلنَّوَٰصِى وَٱلْأَقْدَامِ", "translation": "The criminals will be known by their marks, and they will be seized by the forelocks and the feet." }, { "n": 42, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 43, "arabic": "هَٰذِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ ٱلَّتِى يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ", "translation": "This is Hell, which the criminals deny." }, { "n": 44, "arabic": "يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ ءَانٍۢ", "translation": "They will go around between it and scalding water, heated [to the utmost degree]." }, { "n": 45, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 46, "arabic": "وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِۦ جَنَّتَانِ", "translation": "But for he who has feared the position of his Lord are two gardens -" }, { "n": 47, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 48, "arabic": "ذَوَاتَآ أَفْنَانٍۢ", "translation": "Having [spreading] branches." }, { "n": 49, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 50, "arabic": "فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ", "translation": "In both of them are two springs, flowing." }, { "n": 51, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 52, "arabic": "فِيهِمَا مِن كُلِّ فَٰكِهَةٍۢ زَوْجَانِ", "translation": "In both of them are of every fruit, two kinds." }, { "n": 53, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 54, "arabic": "مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍۭ بَطَآئِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍۢ ۚ وَجَنَى ٱلْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍۢ", "translation": "[They are] reclining on beds whose linings are of silk brocade, and the fruit of the two gardens is hanging low." }, { "n": 55, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 56, "arabic": "فِيهِنَّ قَٰصِرَٰتُ ٱلطَّرْفِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنسٌۭ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَآنٌّۭ", "translation": "In them are women limiting [their] glances, untouched before them by man or jinni -" }, { "n": 57, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 58, "arabic": "كَأَنَّهُنَّ ٱلْيَاقُوتُ وَٱلْمَرْجَانُ", "translation": "As if they were rubies and coral." }, { "n": 59, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 60, "arabic": "هَلْ جَزَآءُ ٱلْإِحْسَٰنِ إِلَّا ٱلْإِحْسَٰنُ", "translation": "Is the reward for good [anything] but good?" }, { "n": 61, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 62, "arabic": "وَمِن دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ", "translation": "And below them both [in excellence] are two [other] gardens -" }, { "n": 63, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 64, "arabic": "مُدْهَآمَّتَانِ", "translation": "Dark green [in color]." }, { "n": 65, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 66, "arabic": "فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَانِ", "translation": "In both of them are two springs, spouting." }, { "n": 67, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 68, "arabic": "فِيهِمَا فَٰكِهَةٌۭ وَنَخْلٌۭ وَرُمَّانٌۭ", "translation": "In both of them are fruit and palm trees and pomegranates." }, { "n": 69, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 70, "arabic": "فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَٰتٌ حِسَانٌۭ", "translation": "In them are good and beautiful women -" }, { "n": 71, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 72, "arabic": "حُورٌۭ مَّقْصُورَٰتٌۭ فِى ٱلْخِيَامِ", "translation": "Fair ones reserved in pavilions -" }, { "n": 73, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 74, "arabic": "لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنسٌۭ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَآنٌّۭ", "translation": "Untouched before them by man or jinni -" }, { "n": 75, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -" }, { "n": 76, "arabic": "مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍۢ وَعَبْقَرِىٍّ حِسَانٍۢ", "translation": "Reclining on green cushions and beautiful fine carpets." }, { "n": 77, "arabic": "فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ", "translation": "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" }, { "n": 78, "arabic": "تَبَٰرَكَ ٱسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِى ٱلْجَلَٰلِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامِ", "translation": "Blessed is the name of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor." } ], "glosses": [ [ "The Most Gracious" ], [ "He taught", "the Quran." ], [ "He created", "[the] man." ], [ "He taught him", "[the] speech." ], [ "The sun", "and the moon", "by (precise) calculation," ], [ "And the stars", "and the trees", "both prostrate." ], [ "And the heaven,", "He raised it", "and He has set up", "the balance," ], [ "That not", "you may transgress", "in", "the balance." ], [ "And establish", "the weight", "in justice", "and (do) not", "make deficient", "the balance." ], [ "And the earth,", "He laid it", "for the creatures," ], [ "Therein", "(is) fruit", "and date-palms", "having", "sheaths," ], [ "And the grain", "having", "husk", "and scented plants." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "He created", "the man", "from", "clay", "like the pottery." ], [ "And He created", "the jinn", "from", "a smokeless flame", "of", "fire." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Lord", "(of) the two Easts", "and Lord", "(of) the two Wests." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "He released", "the two seas,", "meeting." ], [ "Between both of them", "(is) a barrier,", "not", "they transgress." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Come forth", "from both of them", "the pearl", "and the coral." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "And for Him", "(are) the ships", "elevated", "in", "the sea", "like mountains." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Everyone", "who", "(is) on it", "(will) perish." ], [ "But will remain", "(the) Face", "(of) your Lord,", "(the) Owner", "(of) Majesty", "and Honor." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Asks Him", "whoever", "(is) in", "the heavens", "and the earth.", "Every", "day", "He", "(is) in", "a matter." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Soon We will attend", "to you,", "O you", "two classes!" ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "O assembly", "(of) the jinn", "and the men!", "If", "you are able", "to", "pass beyond", "[of]", "(the) regions", "(of) the heavens", "and the earth,", "then pass.", "Not", "you (can) pass", "except", "by authority." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Will be sent", "against both of you", "a flame", "of", "fire", "and smoke,", "and not", "you will (be able to) defend yourselves." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Then when", "is split", "the heaven,", "and it becomes", "rose-colored", "like murky oil." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Then (on) that Day", "not", "will be asked", "about", "his sin", "any man", "and not", "any jinn." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Will be known", "the criminals", "by their marks", "and will be seized", "by the forelocks", "and the feet." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "This", "(is) Hell", "which", "deny", "[of it]", "the criminals." ], [ "They will go around", "between it", "and between", "scalding water,", "heated." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "But for (him) who", "fears", "(the) standing", "(before) his Lord", "(are) two gardens." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Having", "branches." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In both of them", "(are) two springs,", "flowing." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In both of them", "[of]", "(are) every", "fruits", "(in) pairs." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Reclining", "on", "couches,", "(whose) inner linings", "(are) of", "brocade,", "and (the) fruit", "(of) both the gardens", "(is) near." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In them", "(will be) companions of modest gaze", "(will be) companions of modest gaze", "not", "has touched them", "any man", "before them", "and not", "any jinn." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "As if they were", "rubies", "and coral." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Is", "(the) reward", "for the good", "but", "good?" ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Besides these two", "Besides these two", "(are) two gardens." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Dark green." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In both of them", "(are) two springs,", "gushing forth." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In both of them", "(are) fruits", "and date-palms", "and pomegranates." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "In them", "(are) good", "and beautiful ones." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Fair ones", "restrained", "in", "the pavilions." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Not", "has touched them", "any man", "before them", "and not", "any jinn." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Reclining", "on", "cushions", "green,", "and carpets", "beautiful." ], [ "So which", "(of the) favors", "(of) your Lord", "will you both deny?" ], [ "Blessed is", "(the) name", "(of) your Lord,", "Owner", "(of) Majesty", "and Honor." ] ], "juz": 27 }