{
  "number": 42,
  "slug": "shura",
  "name": "Ash-Shura",
  "arabicName": "الشورى",
  "meaning": "The Consultation",
  "juz": 25,
  "period": "Makkan",
  "tagline": "REVELATION, CONSULTATION & THE COURAGE TO FORGIVE",
  "overview": "Ash-Shura joins the continuity of revelation to the everyday ethics of a believing community. Rain, ships and family life become signs of dependence, while consultation, generosity, proportionate justice and forgiveness show what trust can look like in practice. The closing verses return to revelation as life and light.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_42.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=41"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=43"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=47"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=52"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=50"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=45"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=51"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=7"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=36"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=22"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=23"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=6"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=4"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=21"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=20"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=1"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=24"
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    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=30"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=18"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=33"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=26"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=17"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=15"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=38"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=42&verse=48"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah background · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/ash-shura/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Kinship in 42:23 · Ibn Kathir",
      "url": "https://quran.com/42:23/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "Sahih International · English translation (AlQuran Cloud)",
      "url": "https://alquran.cloud/quran/en.sahih"
    }
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Letters of the opening",
    "A second gathering of letters",
    "One stream of revelation",
    "The heavens and earth belong to Him",
    "Majesty surrounded by mercy",
    "A messenger, not a guardian",
    "The mother-town and the gathering",
    "Mercy and human difference",
    "The true Protecting Friend",
    "Trust amid disagreement",
    "Nothing is like Him",
    "The keys of provision",
    "One faith across the messengers",
    "When rivalry divides",
    "Stand upright and act justly",
    "Argument without weight",
    "Scripture and the balance",
    "The seriousness of the Hour",
    "Gentleness and strength",
    "Which harvest do you seek?",
    "Who authorizes religion?",
    "Fear and flowering gardens",
    "Goodness multiplied",
    "Truth outlasts accusation",
    "The door of repentance",
    "Response and bounty",
    "Provision by measure",
    "Rain after despair",
    "Creation and its gathering",
    "Consequences and forgiveness",
    "No escape beyond His care",
    "Ships upon the sea",
    "When the wind falls still",
    "Vulnerability and pardon",
    "Argument cannot shelter",
    "What endures beyond comfort",
    "Forgiveness within anger",
    "Affairs conducted by consultation",
    "The right to resist oppression",
    "Justice, pardon and repair",
    "Defending the wronged",
    "Where blame belongs",
    "The strength of patient forgiveness",
    "A return desired too late",
    "The deepest loss",
    "No substitute protector",
    "Respond while there is time",
    "Conveying without control",
    "Daughters and sons as gifts",
    "Different paths of family life",
    "Ways of divine communication",
    "Revelation as life and light",
    "Every affair returns to Allah"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "The opening letters are recited as letters, not translated as an ordinary sentence. Their presence asks the reader to listen before rushing toward explanation. This edition preserves them without assigning an unsupported hidden numerical or historical meaning.",
    "A second group of separate letters extends the distinctive opening. The movement into revelation in the next verse gives these sounds their immediate setting: a message received and recited, whose depth is not exhausted by a quick paraphrase.",
    "Revelation joins Muhammad to the messengers before him. Divine strength and knowledge frame that continuity, so the message is presented as neither an isolated invention nor a contest of personalities. Its authority rests with the One who reveals.",
    "The heavens and earth belong to Allah. This declaration places every local dispute within a wider reality: human ownership is limited, while divine sovereignty is complete. The paired names lift attention beyond the scale of ordinary power and prestige.",
    "The scene combines overwhelming majesty with mercy: heavens almost break, angels praise, and forgiveness is sought for earth's inhabitants. The verse closes with forgiveness rather than spectacle, directing awe toward hope and responsibility in the life being lived below.",
    "Those who choose other protectors remain within Allah's knowledge and oversight. Muhammad is reminded that he does not control their inward response. The distinction between conveying guidance and possessing another person's conscience becomes a recurring thread throughout this Surah.",
    "An Arabic recitation addresses the mother-town and its surroundings while announcing a gathering beyond any city. Its language is particular and accessible to its first audience; its warning concerns humanity's ultimate division according to response, faith and deeds.",
    "Human difference is not beyond divine power. Yet the verse presents mercy and wrongdoing as morally significant, rather than treating every path as identical. Its warning concerns injustice and accountability; it gives no human being unlimited authority over another's fate.",
    "The question about protectors exposes the limits of created support. The One who restores the dead possesses a power no rival can offer. Trust is therefore directed toward Allah, without denying the ordinary care people owe one another.",
    "Disagreement leads the speaker back to divine judgment, trust and repentance. These belong together: seeking truth requires more than winning an argument. The verse encourages a posture that can acknowledge limits, return sincerely and resist making personal desire the final authority.",
    "Creation includes the familiar pattern of pairs and the growth of living communities. Alongside that closeness comes a decisive boundary: nothing resembles Allah. Hearing and seeing affirm divine knowledge without inviting an imagined physical portrait of the Creator.",
    "The image of keys conveys complete authority over the resources of heaven and earth. Provision may expand or narrow, but neither condition escapes divine knowledge. Material circumstances alone therefore cannot provide a simple measurement of someone's worth or ultimate standing.",
    "Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad appear within one summons to establish religion without destructive division. The verse stresses continuity in devotion to Allah. It does not erase their distinct histories or authorize hostility toward present communities bearing different inherited identities.",
    "Division can arise after knowledge, through rivalry rather than honest uncertainty alone. The verse also describes later inheritors living amid doubt. It invites reflection on what a community passes forward: trustworthy understanding, or quarrels that make its inheritance harder to receive.",
    "The messenger must remain upright, recognize revealed scripture and act justly among people. Shared accountability replaces endless contention as the horizon. Conviction and fairness appear together, showing that sincere belief need not depend on abandoning justice toward those who disagree.",
    "Argument becomes blameworthy when it resists acknowledged truth rather than seeking understanding. The verse places such contention under divine judgment. Its warning should first examine the reader's own motives: whether discussion serves clarity, or merely protects pride and inherited positions.",
    "Scripture and the balance associate revelation with truth and just measure. The nearness of the Hour is raised as a question beyond human certainty. The practical response is readiness and fairness, rather than announcing a date the passage does not supply.",
    "Mockers demand that judgment arrive, while believers recognize its seriousness. The contrast concerns the attitude brought to an unseen future. Treating accountability as entertainment can conceal the consequences of one's choices; reverent concern can instead make present conduct more thoughtful.",
    "Gentleness and strength are named together in Allah's care for His servants. Provision is not pictured as an impersonal mechanism. The verse invites gratitude for what sustains life while remembering that kindness does not imply weakness or an absence of authority.",
    "Life is compared to cultivation, with different horizons shaping the desired harvest. The question is not simply whether one works, but what one's work ultimately seeks. A narrow appetite for immediate gain can leave the more enduring field unattended.",
    "Religious authority cannot be manufactured by assigning divine permission to human preference. The verse challenges such invented authorization and postpones final judgment to Allah's decree. Readers can reflect on the responsibility involved whenever a personal demand is presented as God's command.",
    "The contrast moves from fear over accumulated wrongdoing to flourishing gardens for faith joined with good action. Neither scene is mapped onto an earthly destination. The imagery makes the moral difference vivid while locating complete reward and accountability with the Lord.",
    "Good news accompanies faith and action, and the messenger disclaims a fee. Ibn Kathir cites Ibn Abbas understanding the kinship phrase as an appeal to Quraysh's existing family ties; the passage also emphasizes God's generous increase of sincere good.",
    "The accusation of fabrication is answered through divine power to expose falsehood and establish truth. Knowledge of inward intentions closes the verse. Public claims and private motives therefore remain connected, even where other people cannot immediately distinguish sincerity from performance.",
    "Repentance is explicitly accepted, and evil deeds can be pardoned. Divine knowledge does not close the door of return; it means that return need not depend on hiding what happened. Honest acknowledgment can become the beginning of meaningful change.",
    "Response and increased bounty accompany faithful good action, while rejection carries a warning. The preceding invitation to repentance remains part of the context. Hope and accountability stand beside each other, rather than allowing either complacency or despair to dominate.",
    "Unrestricted abundance can encourage rebellion, so provision is described as measured with knowledge of its recipients. This is a warning about prosperity's moral risks, not permission to blame poor people. The verse turns possession into a question of responsibility.",
    "Rain arrives after despair and spreads mercy across a landscape that seemed exhausted. The image is familiar and emotionally direct: waiting does not determine every future possibility. Gratitude can recognize renewed provision without pretending to know when every hardship will end.",
    "The heavens, earth and living creatures scattered through them are signs of creative power. The ability to gather them belongs to the same Lord. The verse invites wonder without requiring this edition to speculate about unseen populations or modern astronomical discoveries.",
    "The verse confronts the consequences of human wrongdoing and immediately adds that much is forgiven. It calls for self-examination, not confident verdicts about another sufferer's hidden guilt. The wider passage's emphasis on mercy should shape how this warning is received.",
    "No movement across the earth places a person beyond Allah. The search for protection returns to the same source already named earlier. This reminder limits fantasies of complete independence and asks what kind of trust remains when ordinary security becomes fragile.",
    "Ships standing high upon the sea offer a visible sign within ordinary travel and trade. Their impressive size still depends on conditions beyond their passengers' command. The image prepares a reflection on gratitude, vulnerability and the limits of human control.",
    "A stilled wind can leave great vessels motionless. The verse makes patient gratitude the disposition that notices this dependence, rather than merely admiring technical achievement. Both movement and delay can become occasions to recognize how many gifts sustain a journey.",
    "The possibility of loss interrupts confidence in safe passage, while forgiveness is mentioned again. The repeated mercy matters: the passage does not reduce divine action to punishment. Its warning asks travelers through life to combine humility, responsibility and thankfulness.",
    "Argument cannot create an escape from the reality it denies. Following the sea images, the verse exposes a contrast between verbal confidence and actual dependence. A claim may sound secure while leaving its speaker no protection from consequences.",
    "Worldly comforts are acknowledged, but their duration is limited. What Allah holds is described as better and more lasting for those who believe and trust. The following verses explain that trust through conduct, giving this promise an immediately practical direction.",
    "Avoiding grave wrongdoing is joined to forgiving when anger rises. The verse recognizes anger as a real human experience, then focuses on the response chosen within it. Moral strength includes refusing to let an intense feeling dictate every action.",
    "The Surah's title comes from consultation within a portrait of prayer, responsiveness and generosity. Shared affairs deserve listening and deliberation. Consultation is presented as a community practice, while the verse itself does not prescribe one detailed institutional system for every age.",
    "The same people who forgive can defend themselves when serious wrong is inflicted. Mercy does not require surrendering all protection against oppression. Read beside the next verses, this response is bounded by justice and distinguished from becoming an aggressor.",
    "A response to injury must not exceed its measure, while pardon joined with repair receives special praise. The verse keeps justice and reconciliation in view together. Forgiveness is most constructive when it helps amend relationships or conditions that produced harm.",
    "Those who defend themselves after being wronged are not assigned blame merely for resisting. This protects the moral distinction between initiating oppression and answering it. The passage should not be used to pressure an injured person into accepting continued abuse.",
    "Blame is directed toward those who oppress people and act unjustly on earth. The wording centers behavior and its victims, rather than ancestry or communal labels. It asks readers to recognize wrongdoing even when the perpetrators belong to their own circle.",
    "Patient forgiveness is praised as an act requiring determination. Coming after permission to resist, this is not a denial of injustice or a command to erase boundaries. It honors the difficult strength involved when restraint can support a better outcome.",
    "The wish to return appears only after judgment becomes visible. The scene makes present opportunities precious: choices that still seem postponable will not always remain open. Guidance and protection cannot be replaced by desperate bargaining once their rejection bears its result.",
    "Disgrace replaces the confidence of wrongdoing, and loss extends beyond possessions to the self and household. The verse's language is deliberately unsettling. Its purpose within the passage is to awaken responsibility now, before regret becomes the only available response.",
    "Imagined allies cannot deliver rescue against divine judgment. The repeated theme of protection reaches its final testing point here. Readers are asked to consider whether the loyalties they cultivate lead toward truth and responsibility, or merely promise security they cannot supply.",
    "The call is urgent because the coming day cannot be turned back. Responding now is set against later helplessness. The verse offers no calendar date; its force lies in recognizing that moral decisions belong to the present opportunity.",
    "Muhammad's task is to convey, not control acceptance. The verse then turns to human inconsistency: delight in mercy and ingratitude during hardship. It invites a steadier response that does not remember the Giver only when circumstances happen to feel favorable.",
    "Daughters and sons are both described as divine gifts, under the same sovereignty that embraces heaven and earth. The order names daughters first. The verse gives no basis for treating a child's sex as a measure of family honor.",
    "Families may receive both daughters and sons, while others have no children. Divine knowledge surrounds these differences without making parenthood a universal measure of human value. The passage encourages humility about circumstances that people often judge too quickly or painfully.",
    "The verse describes ways divine communication reaches a mortal: revelation, speech from beyond a veil, or a messenger commissioned to convey. It affirms communication while preserving transcendence. This edition offers no visual depiction of Allah or speculative reconstruction of that encounter.",
    "Revelation is described through life and light, guiding beyond knowledge previously possessed. Muhammad's role is to lead toward the straight path through the message entrusted to him. The imagery emphasizes guidance's transforming effect, rather than a physical substance to be illustrated literally.",
    "The closing path belongs to the Lord of heaven and earth, and every affair returns to Him. This gathers the Surah's themes of revelation, provision, justice and mercy into one horizon. Everyday conduct is connected to an ultimate destination."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 12,
      "title": "Revelation and the Lord of all",
      "summary": "Separate letters introduce a message continuous with earlier revelation. The mother-town hears of a gathering, and creation points to a Lord beyond comparison.",
      "reflection": "What changes when trust rests with the One who knows the whole of an affair?"
    },
    {
      "start": 13,
      "end": 26,
      "title": "One faith, justice and an open door",
      "summary": "The messengers share a summons to devotion. Rivalry, invented authority and accusation are answered with fairness, truth, repentance and increasing mercy.",
      "reflection": "Where can conviction become more just, and where can regret become a sincere return?"
    },
    {
      "start": 27,
      "end": 43,
      "title": "Rain, consultation and the courage to forgive",
      "summary": "Measured provision, rain and ships reveal dependence. A community is then described through prayer, consultation, generosity, resistance to oppression and forgiveness that repairs.",
      "reflection": "How can a difficult decision make room for both another voice and a fair boundary?"
    },
    {
      "start": 44,
      "end": 53,
      "title": "Responding to the light",
      "summary": "The opportunity to respond is set against final regret. Family life remains within divine knowledge, and the Surah closes with revelation guiding toward Allah.",
      "reflection": "Which response to guidance is still possible today?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "Before 622 CE · Makkan classification",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "Quran.com identifies the Surah as Makkan according to most scholars. The year shown is the Hijrah boundary, not a known year or day of revelation.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/ash-shura/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE · the Hijrah boundary",
      "year": 622,
      "body": "The Hijrah marks the move from the Makkan to the Madinan period. This calendar reference helps orient the reader; it does not precisely date Ash-Shura.",
      "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "Earlier messengers · dates not specified",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verse 13 names Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus alongside revelation to Muhammad. The connection is shared devotion; this verse supplies no calendar for their lives.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The gathering · future, undated",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 7 and 47 announce a gathering and urge a response before it comes. The passage does not reveal a date that can be placed on a human calendar.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "makkah",
      "name": "Makkah · the mother-town",
      "body": "Verse 7 addresses the mother-town and its surroundings. This map point marks Makkah broadly, not a verified room or site where these verses were received.",
      "lat": 21.4225,
      "lon": 39.8262,
      "source": "https://quran.com/ash-shura/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "rain-land",
      "name": "Land renewed by rain",
      "body": "Verse 28 pictures saving rain arriving after despair. It names no particular valley; the landscape is a reflection on mercy and provision, rather than a documented weather event.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm",
      "image": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "sea",
      "name": "The sea and its vessels",
      "body": "Verses 32–35 invite reflection on large ships, wind and vulnerability. No sea, port, voyage or wreck is identified, so the scene is intentionally unmapped.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm",
      "image": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "gathering",
      "name": "The final gathering",
      "body": "The gardens and gathering belong to the Surah's account of the Hereafter. They are not presented as destinations that can be located on an earthly map.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm",
      "image": 3
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "messengers",
      "title": "Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus",
      "body": "Verse 13 names these messengers within a shared call to establish religion without division. Their connection here is theological, not a complete biography or dated family tree.",
      "verse": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "muhammad",
      "title": "Muhammad · conveying and remaining just",
      "body": "The messenger is told to stand upright and act justly in verse 15, and to convey rather than control in verse 48. His role is described through the Quran's instructions, without portraiture.",
      "verse": 15
    },
    {
      "id": "consulting-community",
      "title": "A community that listens",
      "body": "Verse 38 places mutual consultation beside prayer and giving. This is a portrait of shared responsibility, not a named council whose members the Surah identifies.",
      "verse": 38
    },
    {
      "id": "kinsfolk",
      "title": "The kinship appeal",
      "body": "Ibn Kathir transmits Ibn Abbas's reading of verse 23 as an appeal to the family bonds connecting Muhammad and Quraysh. The report is an attributed interpretation of the phrase, not an additional Quranic verse.",
      "url": "https://quran.com/42:23/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir",
      "label": "Read the attributed interpretation"
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "Why the name Ash-Shura?",
      "body": "The title points to consultation in verse 38. The surrounding qualities—prayer, generosity, forgiveness and resistance to oppression—show consultation within a larger ethical portrait.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "A Makkan Surah, with scholarly discussion",
      "body": "Quran.com's introduction gives a majority Makkan classification and discusses differing explanations of some verses. This reader uses the broad classification without assigning a precise revelation year.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/ash-shura/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "Justice alongside forgiveness",
      "body": "Verses 39–43 distinguish the right to defend against oppression from the praise of pardon that brings repair. These complementary statements should be read together, rather than using one to erase the other.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The limits of reconstruction",
      "body": "Rain, ships, family circumstances and future judgment are not supplied with named incidents or exact locations. The contextual scenes illustrate these themes without claiming to recover undocumented events.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/042.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Generally classified as Makkan; some verses and their applications have been discussed differently by commentators. The 622 CE marker is a period boundary only. Earlier prophets and the future gathering are not assigned speculative dates.",
  "translationNote": "English translation: Sahih International, via AlQuran Cloud. Original source wording is preserved.",
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "حمٓ",
      "translation": "Ha, Meem."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "عٓسٓقٓ",
      "translation": "'Ayn, Seen, Qaf."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "كَذَٰلِكَ يُوحِىٓ إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ",
      "translation": "Thus has He revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and to those before you - Allah, the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَلِىُّ ٱلْعَظِيمُ",
      "translation": "To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and He is the Most High, the Most Great."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِن فَوْقِهِنَّ ۚ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَن فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ",
      "translation": "The heavens almost break from above them, and the angels exalt [Allah] with praise of their Lord and ask forgiveness for those on earth. Unquestionably, it is Allah who is the Forgiving, the Merciful."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوْلِيَآءَ ٱللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍۢ",
      "translation": "And those who take as allies other than Him - Allah is [yet] Guardian over them; and you, [O Muhammad], are not over them a manager."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ قُرْءَانًا عَرَبِيًّۭا لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ ٱلْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَتُنذِرَ يَوْمَ ٱلْجَمْعِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۚ فَرِيقٌۭ فِى ٱلْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌۭ فِى ٱلسَّعِيرِ",
      "translation": "And thus We have revealed to you an Arabic Qur'an that you may warn the Mother of Cities [Makkah] and those around it and warn of the Day of Assembly, about which there is no doubt. A party will be in Paradise and a party in the Blaze."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةًۭ وَٰحِدَةًۭ وَلَٰكِن يُدْخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِى رَحْمَتِهِۦ ۚ وَٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ مَا لَهُم مِّن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ",
      "translation": "And if Allah willed, He could have made them [of] one religion, but He admits whom He wills into His mercy. And the wrongdoers have not any protector or helper."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "أَمِ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوْلِيَآءَ ۖ فَٱللَّهُ هُوَ ٱلْوَلِىُّ وَهُوَ يُحْىِ ٱلْمَوْتَىٰ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Or have they taken protectors [or allies] besides him? But Allah - He is the Protector, and He gives life to the dead, and He is over all things competent."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَمَا ٱخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهِ مِن شَىْءٍۢ فَحُكْمُهُۥٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبِّى عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ",
      "translation": "And in anything over which you disagree - its ruling is [to be referred] to Allah. [Say], \"That is Allah, my Lord; upon Him I have relied, and to Him I turn back.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "فَاطِرُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًۭا وَمِنَ ٱلْأَنْعَٰمِ أَزْوَٰجًۭا ۖ يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ ۚ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِۦ شَىْءٌۭ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "[He is] Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you from yourselves, mates, and among the cattle, mates; He multiplies you thereby. There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "لَهُۥ مَقَالِيدُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ يَبْسُطُ ٱلرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "To Him belong the keys of the heavens and the earth. He extends provision for whom He wills and restricts [it]. Indeed He is, of all things, Knowing."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "۞ شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِۦ نُوحًۭا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِۦٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰٓ ۖ أَنْ أَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلدِّينَ وَلَا تَتَفَرَّقُوا۟ فِيهِ ۚ كَبُرَ عَلَى ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ ۚ ٱللَّهُ يَجْتَبِىٓ إِلَيْهِ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِىٓ إِلَيْهِ مَن يُنِيبُ",
      "translation": "He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus - to establish the religion and not be divided therein. Difficult for those who associate others with Allah is that to which you invite them. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back [to Him]."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوٓا۟ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْعِلْمُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌۭ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍۢ مُّسَمًّۭى لَّقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِى شَكٍّۢ مِّنْهُ مُرِيبٍۢ",
      "translation": "And they did not become divided until after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord [postponing the penalty] until a specified time, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, those who were granted inheritance of the Scripture after them are, concerning it, in disquieting doubt."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "فَلِذَٰلِكَ فَٱدْعُ ۖ وَٱسْتَقِمْ كَمَآ أُمِرْتَ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ ۖ وَقُلْ ءَامَنتُ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن كِتَٰبٍۢ ۖ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ ۖ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ ۖ لَنَآ أَعْمَٰلُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَٰلُكُمْ ۖ لَا حُجَّةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ ۖ ٱللَّهُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ ٱلْمَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "So to that [religion of Allah] invite, [O Muhammad], and remain on a right course as you are commanded and do not follow their inclinations but say, \"I have believed in what Allah has revealed of the Qur'an, and I have been commanded to do justice among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. For us are our deeds, and for you your deeds. There is no [need for] argument between us and you. Allah will bring us together, and to Him is the [final] destination.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآجُّونَ فِى ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا ٱسْتُجِيبَ لَهُۥ حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌۭ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ شَدِيدٌ",
      "translation": "And those who argue concerning Allah after He has been responded to - their argument is invalid with their Lord, and upon them is [His] wrath, and for them is a severe punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ ۗ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٌۭ",
      "translation": "It is Allah who has sent down the Book in truth and [also] the balance. And what will make you perceive? Perhaps the Hour is near."
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهَا ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا ٱلْحَقُّ ۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُمَارُونَ فِى ٱلسَّاعَةِ لَفِى ضَلَٰلٍۭ بَعِيدٍ",
      "translation": "Those who do not believe in it are impatient for it, but those who believe are fearful of it and know that it is the truth. Unquestionably, those who dispute concerning the Hour are in extreme error."
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "arabic": "ٱللَّهُ لَطِيفٌۢ بِعِبَادِهِۦ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْقَوِىُّ ٱلْعَزِيزُ",
      "translation": "Allah is Subtle with His servants; He gives provisions to whom He wills. And He is the Powerful, the Exalted in Might."
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "arabic": "مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ نَزِدْ لَهُۥ فِى حَرْثِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ ٱلدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِۦ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُۥ فِى ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ مِن نَّصِيبٍ",
      "translation": "Whoever desires the harvest of the Hereafter - We increase for him in his harvest. And whoever desires the harvest of this world - We give him thereof, but there is not for him in the Hereafter any share."
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "arabic": "أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَٰٓؤُا۟ شَرَعُوا۟ لَهُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنۢ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ ٱلْفَصْلِ لَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "Or have they other deities who have ordained for them a religion to which Allah has not consented? But if not for the decisive word, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "arabic": "تَرَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا۟ وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌۢ بِهِمْ ۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فِى رَوْضَاتِ ٱلْجَنَّاتِ ۖ لَهُم مَّا يَشَآءُونَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلْفَضْلُ ٱلْكَبِيرُ",
      "translation": "You will see the wrongdoers fearful of what they have earned, and it will [certainly] befall them. And those who have believed and done righteous deeds will be in lush regions of the gardens [in Paradise] having whatever they will in the presence of their Lord. That is what is the great bounty."
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "arabic": "ذَٰلِكَ ٱلَّذِى يُبَشِّرُ ٱللَّهُ عِبَادَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ ۗ قُل لَّآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِلَّا ٱلْمَوَدَّةَ فِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ ۗ وَمَن يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةًۭ نَّزِدْ لَهُۥ فِيهَا حُسْنًا ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ شَكُورٌ",
      "translation": "It is that of which Allah gives good tidings to His servants who believe and do righteous deeds. Say, [O Muhammad], \"I do not ask you for this message any payment [but] only good will through kinship.\" And whoever commits a good deed - We will increase for him good therein. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Appreciative."
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "arabic": "أَمْ يَقُولُونَ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًۭا ۖ فَإِن يَشَإِ ٱللَّهُ يَخْتِمْ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ ۗ وَيَمْحُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْبَٰطِلَ وَيُحِقُّ ٱلْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَٰتِهِۦٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ",
      "translation": "Or do they say, \"He has invented about Allah a lie\"? But if Allah willed, He could seal over your heart. And Allah eliminates falsehood and establishes the truth by His words. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts."
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "arabic": "وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى يَقْبَلُ ٱلتَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِۦ وَيَعْفُوا۟ عَنِ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ",
      "translation": "And it is He who accepts repentance from his servants and pardons misdeeds, and He knows what you do."
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "arabic": "وَيَسْتَجِيبُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَيَزِيدُهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦ ۚ وَٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ شَدِيدٌۭ",
      "translation": "And He answers [the supplication of] those who have believed and done righteous deeds and increases [for] them from His bounty. But the disbelievers will have a severe punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "arabic": "۞ وَلَوْ بَسَطَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِۦ لَبَغَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍۢ مَّا يَشَآءُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِعِبَادِهِۦ خَبِيرٌۢ بَصِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "And if Allah had extended [excessively] provision for His servants, they would have committed tyranny throughout the earth. But He sends [it] down in an amount which He wills. Indeed He is, of His servants, Acquainted and Seeing."
    },
    {
      "n": 28,
      "arabic": "وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ ٱلْغَيْثَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُوا۟ وَيَنشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُۥ ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلْوَلِىُّ ٱلْحَمِيدُ",
      "translation": "And it is He who sends down the rain after they had despaired and spreads His mercy. And He is the Protector, the Praiseworthy."
    },
    {
      "n": 29,
      "arabic": "وَمِنْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ خَلْقُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍۢ ۚ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَآءُ قَدِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "And of his signs is the creation of the heavens and earth and what He has dispersed throughout them of creatures. And He, for gathering them when He wills, is competent."
    },
    {
      "n": 30,
      "arabic": "وَمَآ أَصَٰبَكُم مِّن مُّصِيبَةٍۢ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُوا۟ عَن كَثِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "And whatever strikes you of disaster - it is for what your hands have earned; but He pardons much."
    },
    {
      "n": 31,
      "arabic": "وَمَآ أَنتُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا نَصِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "And you will not cause failure [to Allah] upon the earth. And you have not besides Allah any protector or helper."
    },
    {
      "n": 32,
      "arabic": "وَمِنْ ءَايَٰتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَٰمِ",
      "translation": "And of His signs are the ships in the sea, like mountains."
    },
    {
      "n": 33,
      "arabic": "إِن يَشَأْ يُسْكِنِ ٱلرِّيحَ فَيَظْلَلْنَ رَوَاكِدَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهِۦٓ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍۢ شَكُورٍ",
      "translation": "If He willed, He could still the wind, and they would remain motionless on its surface. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful."
    },
    {
      "n": 34,
      "arabic": "أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُوا۟ وَيَعْفُ عَن كَثِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "Or He could destroy them for what they earned; but He pardons much."
    },
    {
      "n": 35,
      "arabic": "وَيَعْلَمَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِىٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا مَا لَهُم مِّن مَّحِيصٍۢ",
      "translation": "And [that is so] those who dispute concerning Our signs may know that for them there is no place of escape."
    },
    {
      "n": 36,
      "arabic": "فَمَآ أُوتِيتُم مِّن شَىْءٍۢ فَمَتَٰعُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَمَا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ خَيْرٌۭ وَأَبْقَىٰ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ",
      "translation": "So whatever thing you have been given - it is but [for] enjoyment of the worldly life. But what is with Allah is better and more lasting for those who have believed and upon their Lord rely"
    },
    {
      "n": 37,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَٰٓئِرَ ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْفَوَٰحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا۟ هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ",
      "translation": "And those who avoid the major sins and immoralities, and when they are angry, they forgive,"
    },
    {
      "n": 38,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَجَابُوا۟ لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ",
      "translation": "And those who have responded to their lord and established prayer and whose affair is [determined by] consultation among themselves, and from what We have provided them, they spend."
    },
    {
      "n": 39,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ إِذَآ أَصَابَهُمُ ٱلْبَغْىُ هُمْ يَنتَصِرُونَ",
      "translation": "And those who, when tyranny strikes them, they defend themselves,"
    },
    {
      "n": 40,
      "arabic": "وَجَزَٰٓؤُا۟ سَيِّئَةٍۢ سَيِّئَةٌۭ مِّثْلُهَا ۖ فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ",
      "translation": "And the retribution for an evil act is an evil one like it, but whoever pardons and makes reconciliation - his reward is [due] from Allah. Indeed, He does not like wrongdoers."
    },
    {
      "n": 41,
      "arabic": "وَلَمَنِ ٱنتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِم مِّن سَبِيلٍ",
      "translation": "And whoever avenges himself after having been wronged - those have not upon them any cause [for blame]."
    },
    {
      "n": 42,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَا ٱلسَّبِيلُ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "The cause is only against the ones who wrong the people and tyrannize upon the earth without right. Those will have a painful punishment."
    },
    {
      "n": 43,
      "arabic": "وَلَمَن صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ ٱلْأُمُورِ",
      "translation": "And whoever is patient and forgives - indeed, that is of the matters [requiring] determination."
    },
    {
      "n": 44,
      "arabic": "وَمَن يُضْلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ مِّنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ ۗ وَتَرَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ يَقُولُونَ هَلْ إِلَىٰ مَرَدٍّۢ مِّن سَبِيلٍۢ",
      "translation": "And he whom Allah sends astray - for him there is no protector beyond Him. And you will see the wrongdoers, when they see the punishment, saying, \"Is there for return [to the former world] any way?\""
    },
    {
      "n": 45,
      "arabic": "وَتَرَىٰهُمْ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا خَٰشِعِينَ مِنَ ٱلذُّلِّ يَنظُرُونَ مِن طَرْفٍ خَفِىٍّۢ ۗ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ خَسِرُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ فِى عَذَابٍۢ مُّقِيمٍۢ",
      "translation": "And you will see them being exposed to the Fire, humbled from humiliation, looking from [behind] a covert glance. And those who had believed will say, \"Indeed, the [true] losers are the ones who lost themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. Unquestionably, the wrongdoers are in an enduring punishment.\""
    },
    {
      "n": 46,
      "arabic": "وَمَا كَانَ لَهُم مِّنْ أَوْلِيَآءَ يَنصُرُونَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن سَبِيلٍ",
      "translation": "And there will not be for them any allies to aid them other than Allah. And whoever Allah sends astray - for him there is no way."
    },
    {
      "n": 47,
      "arabic": "ٱسْتَجِيبُوا۟ لِرَبِّكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِىَ يَوْمٌۭ لَّا مَرَدَّ لَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ مَا لَكُم مِّن مَّلْجَإٍۢ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن نَّكِيرٍۢ",
      "translation": "Respond to your Lord before a Day comes from Allah of which there is no repelling. No refuge will you have that day, nor for you will there be any denial."
    },
    {
      "n": 48,
      "arabic": "فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا۟ فَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَٰكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا ۖ إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَإِنَّآ إِذَآ أَذَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةًۭ فَرِحَ بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌۢ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَإِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ كَفُورٌۭ",
      "translation": "But if they turn away - then We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], over them as a guardian; upon you is only [the duty of] notification. And indeed, when We let man taste mercy from us, he rejoices in it; but if evil afflicts him for what his hands have put forth, then indeed, man is ungrateful."
    },
    {
      "n": 49,
      "arabic": "لِّلَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ ۚ يَهَبُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ إِنَٰثًۭا وَيَهَبُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ ٱلذُّكُورَ",
      "translation": "To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He creates what he wills. He gives to whom He wills female [children], and He gives to whom He wills males."
    },
    {
      "n": 50,
      "arabic": "أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًۭا وَإِنَٰثًۭا ۖ وَيَجْعَلُ مَن يَشَآءُ عَقِيمًا ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمٌۭ قَدِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Or He makes them [both] males and females, and He renders whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent."
    },
    {
      "n": 51,
      "arabic": "۞ وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَآئِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًۭا فَيُوحِىَ بِإِذْنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِىٌّ حَكِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "And it is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation or from behind a partition or that He sends a messenger to reveal, by His permission, what He wills. Indeed, He is Most High and Wise."
    },
    {
      "n": 52,
      "arabic": "وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحًۭا مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا ۚ مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا ٱلْكِتَٰبُ وَلَا ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ وَلَٰكِن جَعَلْنَٰهُ نُورًۭا نَّهْدِى بِهِۦ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِىٓ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍۢ مُّسْتَقِيمٍۢ",
      "translation": "And thus We have revealed to you an inspiration of Our command. You did not know what is the Book or [what is] faith, but We have made it a light by which We guide whom We will of Our servants. And indeed, [O Muhammad], you guide to a straight path -"
    },
    {
      "n": 53,
      "arabic": "صِرَٰطِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ أَلَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ تَصِيرُ ٱلْأُمُورُ",
      "translation": "The path of Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Unquestionably, to Allah do [all] matters evolve."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Ha Meem."
    ],
    [
      "Ayn Seen Qaaf."
    ],
    [
      "Thus",
      "reveals",
      "to you,",
      "and to",
      "those",
      "[from]",
      "before you",
      "Allah",
      "the All-Mighty,",
      "the All-Wise."
    ],
    [
      "To Him",
      "(belong) whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth,",
      "and He",
      "(is) the Most High,",
      "the Most Great."
    ],
    [
      "Almost",
      "the heavens",
      "break up",
      "from",
      "above them,",
      "and the Angels",
      "glorify",
      "(the) praise",
      "(of) their Lord",
      "and ask for forgiveness",
      "for those",
      "on",
      "the earth.",
      "Unquestionably,",
      "indeed,",
      "Allah,",
      "He",
      "(is) the Oft-Forgiving,",
      "the Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "take",
      "[from]",
      "besides Him",
      "protectors,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) a Guardian",
      "over them,",
      "and not",
      "you",
      "(are) over them",
      "a manager."
    ],
    [
      "And thus",
      "We have revealed",
      "to you",
      "a Quran",
      "(in) Arabic,",
      "that you may warn",
      "(the) mother",
      "(of) the towns,",
      "and whoever",
      "(is) around it,",
      "and warn",
      "(of the) Day",
      "(of) Assembly,",
      "(there is) no",
      "doubt",
      "in it.",
      "A party",
      "(will be) in",
      "Paradise",
      "and a party",
      "in",
      "the Blazing Fire."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "willed",
      "Allah",
      "He could have made them",
      "a community",
      "one,",
      "but",
      "He admits",
      "whom",
      "He wills",
      "in (to)",
      "His Mercy.",
      "And the wrongdoers,",
      "not",
      "for them",
      "any",
      "protector",
      "and not",
      "any helper."
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "have they taken",
      "[from]",
      "besides Him",
      "protectors?",
      "But Allah -",
      "He",
      "(is) the Protector,",
      "and He",
      "gives life",
      "(to) the dead.",
      "And He",
      "(is) on",
      "every",
      "thing",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "And whatever",
      "you differ",
      "in it",
      "of",
      "a thing,",
      "then its ruling",
      "(is) to",
      "Allah.",
      "That",
      "(is) Allah,",
      "my Lord,",
      "upon Him",
      "I put my trust",
      "and to Him",
      "I turn."
    ],
    [
      "(The) Creator",
      "(of) the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "He made",
      "for you",
      "from",
      "yourselves,",
      "mates,",
      "and among",
      "the cattle",
      "mates;",
      "He multiplies you",
      "thereby.",
      "(There) is not",
      "like Him",
      "anything,",
      "and He",
      "(is) the All-Hearer,",
      "the All-Seer."
    ],
    [
      "To Him (belongs)",
      "(the) keys",
      "(of) the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "He extends",
      "the provision",
      "for whom",
      "He wills",
      "and restricts.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "of every",
      "thing",
      "(is) All-Knower."
    ],
    [
      "He has ordained",
      "for you",
      "of",
      "the religion",
      "what",
      "He enjoined",
      "upon",
      "Nuh,",
      "and that which",
      "We have revealed",
      "to you,",
      "and what",
      "We enjoined",
      "upon",
      "Ibrahim",
      "and Musa",
      "and Isa.",
      "To",
      "establish",
      "the religion",
      "and not",
      "be divided",
      "therein.",
      "Is difficult",
      "on",
      "the polytheists",
      "what",
      "you call them",
      "to it.",
      "Allah",
      "chooses",
      "for Himself",
      "whom",
      "He wills,",
      "and guides",
      "to Himself",
      "whoever",
      "turns."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "they became divided",
      "until",
      "[from]",
      "after",
      "[what]",
      "came to them",
      "the knowledge",
      "(out of) rivalry,",
      "among them.",
      "And if not",
      "(for) a word",
      "(that) preceded",
      "from",
      "your Lord",
      "for",
      "a term",
      "specified,",
      "surely, it (would have) been settled",
      "between them.",
      "And indeed,",
      "those who",
      "were made to inherit",
      "the Book",
      "[from]",
      "after them",
      "(are) surely in",
      "doubt",
      "concerning it -",
      "disquieting."
    ],
    [
      "So to that",
      "then invite,",
      "and stand firm",
      "as",
      "you are commanded",
      "and (do) not",
      "follow",
      "their desires,",
      "but say,",
      "\"I believe",
      "in what",
      "has sent down",
      "Allah",
      "of",
      "(the) Book,",
      "and I am commanded",
      "that I do justice",
      "between you.",
      "Allah",
      "(is) our Lord",
      "and your Lord.",
      "For us",
      "our deeds",
      "and for you",
      "your deeds.",
      "(There is) no",
      "argument",
      "between us",
      "and between you.",
      "Allah",
      "will assemble",
      "[between] us,",
      "and to Him",
      "(is) the final return.\""
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "argue",
      "concerning",
      "Allah",
      "[from]",
      "after",
      "[what]",
      "response has been made",
      "to Him",
      "their argument",
      "(is) invalid",
      "with",
      "their Lord,",
      "and upon them",
      "(is) wrath,",
      "and for them",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "severe."
    ],
    [
      "Allah",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "(has) sent down",
      "the Book",
      "in truth,",
      "and the Balance.",
      "And what",
      "will make you know?",
      "Perhaps",
      "the Hour",
      "(is) near."
    ],
    [
      "Seek to hasten",
      "[of] it",
      "those who",
      "(do) not",
      "believe",
      "in it,",
      "and those who",
      "believe",
      "(are) fearful",
      "of it",
      "and know",
      "that it",
      "(is) the truth.",
      "Unquestionably,",
      "indeed,",
      "those who",
      "dispute",
      "concerning",
      "the Hour",
      "(are) certainly in",
      "error",
      "far."
    ],
    [
      "Allah",
      "(is) Subtle",
      "with His slaves;",
      "He gives provision",
      "(to) whom",
      "He wills.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the All-Strong,",
      "the All-Mighty."
    ],
    [
      "Whoever",
      "is",
      "desiring",
      "(the) harvest",
      "(of) the Hereafter -",
      "We increase",
      "for him",
      "in",
      "his harvest.",
      "And whoever",
      "is",
      "desiring",
      "(the) harvest",
      "(of) the world,",
      "We give him",
      "of it,",
      "but not",
      "for him",
      "in",
      "the Hereafter",
      "any",
      "share."
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "for them",
      "(are) partners",
      "who have ordained",
      "for them",
      "of",
      "the religion",
      "what",
      "not",
      "has given permission",
      "for it",
      "Allah",
      "And if not",
      "(for) a word",
      "decisive,",
      "surely, it (would have) been judged",
      "between them.",
      "And indeed,",
      "the wrongdoers,",
      "for them",
      "(is a) punishment",
      "painful."
    ],
    [
      "You will see",
      "the wrongdoers",
      "fearful",
      "of what",
      "they earned,",
      "and it",
      "(will) befall",
      "[on] them.",
      "And those who",
      "believe",
      "and do",
      "righteous deeds",
      "(will be) in",
      "flowering meadows",
      "(of) the Gardens,",
      "for them",
      "(is) whatever",
      "they wish",
      "with",
      "their Lord.",
      "That -",
      "it",
      "(is) the Bounty",
      "the Great."
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "(is of) which",
      "gives glad tidings",
      "Allah",
      "(to) His slaves -",
      "those who",
      "believe",
      "and do",
      "righteous deeds.",
      "Say,",
      "\"Not",
      "I ask you",
      "for it",
      "any payment",
      "except",
      "the love",
      "among",
      "the relatives.\"",
      "And whoever",
      "earns",
      "any good,",
      "We increase",
      "for him",
      "therein",
      "good.",
      "Indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) Oft-Forgiving,",
      "All-Appreciative."
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "(do) they say,",
      "\"He has invented",
      "about",
      "Allah",
      "a lie?\"",
      "But if",
      "willed",
      "Allah",
      "He would seal",
      "[over]",
      "your heart.",
      "And eliminates",
      "Allah",
      "the falsehood",
      "and establishes",
      "the truth",
      "by His Words.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(is) All-Knowing",
      "of what",
      "(is in) the breasts."
    ],
    [
      "And He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "accepts",
      "the repentance",
      "of",
      "His slaves",
      "and pardons",
      "[of]",
      "the evil,",
      "and He knows",
      "what",
      "you do."
    ],
    [
      "And He answers",
      "those who",
      "believe",
      "and do",
      "righteous deeds",
      "and increases (for) them",
      "from",
      "His Bounty.",
      "And the disbelievers -",
      "for them",
      "(will be) a punishment",
      "severe."
    ],
    [
      "And if",
      "extends",
      "Allah",
      "the provision",
      "for His slaves,",
      "surely they would rebel",
      "in",
      "the earth;",
      "but",
      "He sends down",
      "in (due) measure",
      "what",
      "He wills.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "of His slaves",
      "(is) All-Aware,",
      "All-Seer."
    ],
    [
      "And He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "sends down",
      "the rain",
      "[from]",
      "after",
      "[what]",
      "they have despaired,",
      "and spreads",
      "His mercy.",
      "And He",
      "(is) the Protector,",
      "the Praiseworthy."
    ],
    [
      "And among",
      "His Signs",
      "(is the) creation",
      "(of) the heavens",
      "and the earth",
      "and whatever",
      "He has dispersed",
      "in both of them",
      "of",
      "(the) creatures.",
      "And He",
      "(is) over",
      "their gathering,",
      "when",
      "He wills,",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "And whatever",
      "befalls you",
      "of",
      "(the) misfortune,",
      "(is because) of what",
      "have earned",
      "your hands.",
      "But He pardons",
      "[from]",
      "much."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "you",
      "(can) escape",
      "in",
      "the earth,",
      "and not",
      "for you",
      "[from]",
      "besides",
      "Allah",
      "any",
      "protector",
      "and not",
      "any helper."
    ],
    [
      "And among",
      "His Signs",
      "(are) the ships",
      "in",
      "the sea,",
      "like [the] mountains."
    ],
    [
      "If",
      "He wills,",
      "He can still",
      "the wind",
      "then they would remain",
      "motionless",
      "on",
      "its back.",
      "Indeed,",
      "in",
      "that",
      "surely (are) Signs",
      "for everyone",
      "patient",
      "(and) grateful."
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "He could destroy them",
      "for what",
      "they have earned;",
      "but He pardons",
      "[from]",
      "much."
    ],
    [
      "And may know",
      "those who",
      "dispute",
      "concerning",
      "Our Signs",
      "(that) not",
      "for them",
      "any",
      "place of refuge."
    ],
    [
      "So whatever",
      "you are given",
      "of",
      "a thing,",
      "(is) but a passing enjoyment",
      "(for) the life",
      "(of) the world.",
      "But what",
      "(is) with",
      "Allah",
      "(is) better",
      "and more lasting",
      "for those who",
      "believe",
      "and upon",
      "their Lord",
      "put (their) trust."
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "avoid",
      "(the) greater",
      "sins",
      "and the immoralities,",
      "and when",
      "[emphasis]",
      "they are angry,",
      "they",
      "forgive,"
    ],
    [
      "And those who",
      "respond",
      "to their Lord",
      "and establish",
      "prayer",
      "and their affairs",
      "(are conducted by) consultation",
      "among them,",
      "and from what",
      "We have provided them",
      "they spend,"
    ],
    [
      "And those who,",
      "when",
      "strikes them",
      "tyranny,",
      "they",
      "defend themselves."
    ],
    [
      "(The) recompense",
      "(of) an evil",
      "(is) an evil",
      "like it.",
      "But whoever",
      "pardons",
      "and makes reconciliation,",
      "then his reward",
      "(is) on",
      "Allah.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(does) not",
      "like",
      "the wrongdoers."
    ],
    [
      "And surely whosoever",
      "defends himself",
      "after",
      "he has been wronged,",
      "then those",
      "not",
      "(is) against them",
      "any",
      "way."
    ],
    [
      "Only",
      "the way",
      "against",
      "those who",
      "oppress",
      "the people",
      "and rebel",
      "in",
      "the earth",
      "without",
      "right.",
      "Those",
      "for them",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "painful."
    ],
    [
      "And whoever",
      "(is) patient",
      "and forgives,",
      "indeed,",
      "that",
      "(is) surely of",
      "determination",
      "(in) affairs"
    ],
    [
      "And whoever",
      "lets go astray",
      "Allah",
      "then not",
      "for him",
      "any",
      "protector",
      "[from]",
      "after Him",
      "And you will see",
      "the wrongdoers,",
      "when",
      "they see",
      "the punishment",
      "saying,",
      "\"Is",
      "(there) for",
      "return",
      "any",
      "way?\""
    ],
    [
      "And you will see them",
      "being exposed",
      "to it,",
      "humbled",
      "by",
      "disgrace,",
      "looking",
      "with",
      "a glance",
      "stealthy.",
      "And will say",
      "those who",
      "believed,",
      "\"Indeed,",
      "the losers",
      "(are) those who",
      "lost",
      "themselves",
      "and their families",
      "(on the) Day",
      "(of) the Resurrection.",
      "Unquestionably!",
      "Indeed,",
      "the wrongdoers",
      "(are) in",
      "a punishment",
      "lasting."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "will be",
      "for them",
      "any",
      "protector",
      "(who) will help them",
      "[from]",
      "besides",
      "Allah.",
      "And whom",
      "lets go astray",
      "Allah",
      "then not",
      "for him",
      "any",
      "way."
    ],
    [
      "Respond",
      "to your Lord",
      "[from]",
      "before",
      "[that]",
      "comes",
      "a Day",
      "(there is) no",
      "averting",
      "for it",
      "from",
      "Allah.",
      "Not",
      "(is) for you",
      "any",
      "refuge",
      "(on) that Day",
      "and not",
      "for you",
      "any",
      "denial."
    ],
    [
      "Then if",
      "they turn away,",
      "then not",
      "We have sent you",
      "over them",
      "(as) a guardian.",
      "Not",
      "(is) on you",
      "except",
      "the conveyance.",
      "And indeed,",
      "when",
      "We cause to taste",
      "[the] man",
      "from Us",
      "Mercy,",
      "he rejoices",
      "in it.",
      "But if",
      "befalls them",
      "evil,",
      "for what",
      "have sent forth",
      "their hands",
      "then indeed,",
      "[the] man",
      "(is) ungrateful."
    ],
    [
      "To Allah",
      "(belongs the) dominion",
      "(of) the heavens",
      "and the earth.",
      "He creates",
      "what",
      "He wills.",
      "He grants",
      "to whom",
      "He wills",
      "females,",
      "and He grants",
      "to whom",
      "He wills",
      "[the] males."
    ],
    [
      "Or",
      "He grants them",
      "males",
      "and females;",
      "and He makes",
      "whom",
      "He wills",
      "barren.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(is) All-Knower,",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "And not",
      "is",
      "for any human",
      "that",
      "should speak to him",
      "Allah",
      "except",
      "(by) revelation",
      "or",
      "from",
      "behind",
      "a veil",
      "or",
      "(by) sending",
      "a messenger",
      "then he reveals",
      "by His permission",
      "what",
      "He wills.",
      "Indeed, He",
      "(is) Most High,",
      "Most Wise."
    ],
    [
      "And thus",
      "We have revealed",
      "to you",
      "an inspiration",
      "by",
      "Our Command.",
      "Not",
      "(did) you",
      "know",
      "what",
      "the Book (is)",
      "and not",
      "the faith.",
      "But",
      "We have made it",
      "a light,",
      "We guide",
      "with it",
      "whom",
      "We will",
      "of",
      "Our slaves.",
      "And indeed, you",
      "surely guide",
      "to",
      "(the) Path",
      "Straight,"
    ],
    [
      "(The) path",
      "(of) Allah,",
      "the One",
      "to Whom",
      "(belongs) whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth.",
      "Unquestionably!",
      "To",
      "Allah",
      "reach",
      "all affairs."
    ]
  ],
  "glossNote": "English word hints follow the Quranic Arabic Corpus. Where the Corpus repeats a phrase across adjacent Arabic words, it is divided into individual word meanings for hover and audio; these editorial splits are recorded in the source audit. Brackets identify connective or grammatical senses that English does not translate separately."
}