{
  "number": 64,
  "slug": "taghabun",
  "name": "At-Taghabun",
  "arabicName": "التغابن",
  "meaning": "Mutual Loss and Gain",
  "juz": 28,
  "period": "Madinan; classification discussed",
  "tagline": "THE DAY THAT REVEALS LOSS & GAIN",
  "overview": "Creation, hidden motives and the coming gathering invite a reassessment of success. The chapter moves into hardship, trust and family attachments, asking believers to forgive, give generously and act according to their capacity rather than be ruled by possessiveness.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Arabic text · quranjson (MIT)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/semarketir/quranjson/master/source/surah/surah_64.json"
    },
    {
      "title": "M. M. Pickthall · 1930 translation",
      "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=4"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=6"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=8"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=9"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Word glosses · Quranic Arabic Corpus (GPL-3.0)",
      "url": "https://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=64&verse=16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Surah introduction · Quran.com",
      "url": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/info"
    },
    {
      "title": "622 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejira"
    },
    {
      "title": "632 CE period boundary · Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mahomet"
    },
    {
      "title": "Classification and opening · Ibn Kathir",
      "url": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/1/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "A reported migration context · Tirmidhi 3317",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3317"
    },
    {
      "title": "Family obstacles and forgiveness · Ma’arif al-Qur’an",
      "url": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/14/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    }
  ],
  "verses": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "arabic": "يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ ٱلْحَمْدُ ۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌ",
      "translation": "All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah; unto Him belongeth Sovereignty and unto Him belongeth praise, and He is Able to do all things."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "arabic": "هُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌۭ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌۭ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ",
      "translation": "He it is Who created you, but one of you is a disbeliever and one of you is a believer, and Allah is Seer of what ye do."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "arabic": "خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ ٱلْمَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "He created the heavens and the earth with truth, and He shaped you and made good your shapes, and unto Him is the journeying."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "arabic": "يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُسِرُّونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ",
      "translation": "He knoweth all that is in the heavens and the earth, and He knoweth what ye conceal and what ye publish. And Allah is Aware of what is in the breasts (of men)."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "arabic": "أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَؤُا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ فَذَاقُوا۟ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "Hath not the story reached you of those who disbelieved of old and so did taste the ill-effects of their conduct, and theirs will be a painful doom."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "arabic": "ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُۥ كَانَت تَّأْتِيهِمْ رُسُلُهُم بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ فَقَالُوٓا۟ أَبَشَرٌۭ يَهْدُونَنَا فَكَفَرُوا۟ وَتَوَلَّوا۟ ۚ وَّٱسْتَغْنَى ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌۭ",
      "translation": "That was because their messengers (from Allah) kept coming unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but they said: Shall mere mortals guide us ? So they disbelieved and turned away, and Allah was independent (of them). Allah is Absolute, Owner of Praise."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "arabic": "زَعَمَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَن لَّن يُبْعَثُوا۟ ۚ قُلْ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتُبْعَثُنَّ ثُمَّ لَتُنَبَّؤُنَّ بِمَا عَمِلْتُمْ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "Those who disbelieve assert that they will not be raised again. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Yea, verily, by my Lord! ye will be raised again and then ye will be informed of what ye did; and that is easy for Allah."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "arabic": "فَـَٔامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلنُّورِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلْنَا ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌۭ",
      "translation": "So believe in Allah and His messenger and the light which We have revealed. And Allah is Informed of what ye do."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "arabic": "يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُكُمْ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْجَمْعِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ ٱلتَّغَابُنِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَٰلِحًۭا يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِۦ وَيُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّٰتٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ",
      "translation": "The day when He shall gather you unto the Day of Assembling, that will be a day of mutual disillusion. And whoso believeth in Allah and doeth right, He will remit from him his evil deeds and will bring him unto Gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein to abide for ever. That is the supreme triumph."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "arabic": "وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ",
      "translation": "But those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, such are owners of the Fire; they will abide therein - a hapless journey's end!"
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "arabic": "مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُۥ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "No calamity befalleth save by Allah's leave. And whosoever believeth in Allah, He guideth his heart. And Allah is Knower of all things."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "arabic": "وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱلرَّسُولَ ۚ فَإِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَىٰ رَسُولِنَا ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ٱلْمُبِينُ",
      "translation": "Obey Allah and obey His messenger; but if ye turn away, then the duty of Our messenger is only to convey (the message) plainly."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "arabic": "ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ",
      "translation": "Allah! There is no God save Him. In Allah, therefore, let believers put their trust."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "arabic": "يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَٰدِكُمْ عَدُوًّۭا لَّكُمْ فَٱحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَعْفُوا۟ وَتَصْفَحُوا۟ وَتَغْفِرُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌ",
      "translation": "O ye who believe! Lo! among your wives and your children there are enemies for you, therefor beware of them. And if ye efface and overlook and forgive, then lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "arabic": "إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَٰلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَٰدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌۭ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥٓ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌۭ",
      "translation": "Your wealth and your children are only a temptation, whereas Allah! with Him is an immense reward."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "arabic": "فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مَا ٱسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَٱسْمَعُوا۟ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ وَأَنفِقُوا۟ خَيْرًۭا لِّأَنفُسِكُمْ ۗ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ",
      "translation": "So keep your duty to Allah as best ye can, and listen, and obey, and spend; that is better for your souls. And whoso is saved from his own greed, such are the successful."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "arabic": "إِن تُقْرِضُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًۭا يُضَٰعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ شَكُورٌ حَلِيمٌ",
      "translation": "If ye lend unto Allah a goodly loan, He will double it for you and will forgive you, for Allah is Responsive, Clement,"
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "arabic": "عَٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ",
      "translation": "Knower of the Invisible and the Visible, the Mighty, the Wise."
    }
  ],
  "glosses": [
    [
      "Glorifies",
      "[to] Allah",
      "whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and whatever",
      "(is) in",
      "the earth.",
      "For Him",
      "(is the) dominion",
      "and for Him",
      "(is) the praise.",
      "And He",
      "(is) on",
      "every",
      "thing",
      "All-Powerful."
    ],
    [
      "He",
      "(is) the One Who",
      "created you",
      "and among you",
      "(is) a disbeliever",
      "and among you",
      "(is) a believer.",
      "And Allah",
      "of what",
      "you do",
      "(is) All-Seer."
    ],
    [
      "He created",
      "the heavens",
      "and the earth",
      "with truth,",
      "and He formed you",
      "and made good",
      "your forms,",
      "and to Him",
      "(is) the final return."
    ],
    [
      "He knows",
      "what",
      "(is) in",
      "the heavens",
      "and the earth,",
      "and He knows",
      "what",
      "you conceal",
      "and what",
      "you declare.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) All-Knowing",
      "of what",
      "(is in) the breasts."
    ],
    [
      "Has not",
      "come to you",
      "(the) news",
      "(of) those who",
      "disbelieved",
      "from",
      "before?",
      "So they tasted",
      "(the bad) consequence",
      "(of) their affair,",
      "and for them",
      "(is) a punishment",
      "painful."
    ],
    [
      "That",
      "(is) because",
      "had",
      "come to them",
      "their Messengers",
      "with clear proofs,",
      "but they said,",
      "\"Shall human beings",
      "guide us?\"",
      "So they disbelieved",
      "and turned away.",
      "And can do without them",
      "Allah.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) Self-sufficient,",
      "Praiseworthy."
    ],
    [
      "Claim",
      "those who",
      "disbelieve",
      "that",
      "never",
      "will they be raised.",
      "Say,",
      "\"Yes,",
      "by my Lord,",
      "surely you will be raised;",
      "then",
      "surely you will be informed",
      "of what",
      "you did.",
      "And that",
      "for",
      "Allah",
      "(is) easy.\""
    ],
    [
      "So believe",
      "in Allah",
      "and His Messenger",
      "and the Light",
      "which",
      "We have sent down.",
      "And Allah,",
      "of what",
      "you do,",
      "(is) All-Aware."
    ],
    [
      "(The) Day",
      "He will assemble you",
      "for (the) Day",
      "(of) the Assembly,",
      "that",
      "(will be the) Day",
      "(of) mutual loss and gain.",
      "And whoever",
      "believes",
      "in Allah",
      "and does",
      "righteous deeds",
      "He will remove",
      "from him",
      "his evil deeds",
      "and He will admit him",
      "(to) Gardens",
      "flow",
      "from",
      "underneath it",
      "the rivers,",
      "abiding",
      "therein",
      "forever.",
      "That",
      "(is) the success",
      "the great."
    ],
    [
      "But those who",
      "disbelieved",
      "and denied",
      "[in] Our Verses,",
      "those",
      "(are the) companions",
      "(of) the Fire,",
      "abiding forever",
      "therein.",
      "And wretched is",
      "the destination."
    ],
    [
      "Not",
      "strikes",
      "any",
      "disaster",
      "except",
      "by (the) permission",
      "(of) Allah.",
      "And whoever",
      "believes",
      "in Allah,",
      "He guides",
      "his heart.",
      "And Allah",
      "of every",
      "thing",
      "(is) All-Knowing."
    ],
    [
      "So obey",
      "Allah",
      "and obey",
      "the Messenger;",
      "but if",
      "you turn away,",
      "then only",
      "upon",
      "Our Messenger",
      "(is) the conveyance",
      "clear."
    ],
    [
      "Allah,",
      "(there is) no",
      "god",
      "except",
      "Him.",
      "And upon",
      "Allah",
      "let put (their) trust",
      "the believers."
    ],
    [
      "O",
      "(you) who",
      "believe!",
      "Indeed,",
      "from",
      "your spouses",
      "and your children",
      "(are) enemies",
      "to you,",
      "so beware of them.",
      "But if",
      "you pardon",
      "and overlook",
      "and forgive,",
      "then indeed,",
      "Allah",
      "(is) Oft-Forgiving,",
      "Most Merciful."
    ],
    [
      "Only",
      "your wealth",
      "and your children",
      "(are) a trial,",
      "and Allah -",
      "with Him",
      "(is) a reward",
      "great."
    ],
    [
      "So fear",
      "Allah",
      "what",
      "you are able",
      "and listen",
      "and obey",
      "and spend;",
      "(it is) better",
      "for yourselves.",
      "And whoever",
      "is saved",
      "(from the) greediness",
      "(of) his soul,",
      "then those",
      "[they]",
      "(are) the successful ones."
    ],
    [
      "If",
      "you loan",
      "(to) Allah",
      "a loan",
      "goodly,",
      "He will multiply it",
      "for you",
      "and will forgive",
      "you.",
      "And Allah",
      "(is) Most Appreciative,",
      "Most Forbearing,"
    ],
    [
      "(The) Knower",
      "(of) the unseen",
      "and the witnessed,",
      "the All-Mighty,",
      "the All-Wise."
    ]
  ],
  "titles": [
    "Creation praises its Sovereign",
    "Created, yet differing in response",
    "Fashioned with purpose",
    "What is concealed and revealed",
    "The lesson of earlier peoples",
    "Rejecting human messengers",
    "The promise of resurrection",
    "Believe in the revealed light",
    "The day of loss and gain",
    "The outcome of denying the signs",
    "A heart guided through adversity",
    "The messenger’s duty to convey",
    "Trust in the one God",
    "Family tension and the call to forgive",
    "Wealth and children as a trial",
    "Act according to your capacity",
    "A goodly loan and generous return",
    "Knowledge, might and wisdom"
  ],
  "notes": [
    "Everything in the heavens and earth is placed within praise of Allah. Sovereignty, praise and power belong together in the opening. The chapter begins with this wide horizon before turning toward the choices and attachments of human life.",
    "A shared Creator is followed by differing human responses. The verse closes by emphasizing that actions are seen. It introduces responsibility without giving the reader knowledge of every other person’s inward state or final outcome.",
    "Creation is described as purposeful, and human form as well fashioned. The final return gives these gifts direction beyond the immediate present. The verse invites gratitude for existence alongside reflection on the journey of life.",
    "Public and private are held within one field of divine knowledge. The mention of what lies in the breast carries the theme inward. The reader is asked to consider motives as well as the conduct others can observe.",
    "Earlier peoples are recalled through the consequences of their conduct. The chapter gives no name or date for them here. Its purpose is to make remembered failure instructive for the present audience.",
    "The refusal concerns messengers who are human. Their ordinary humanity becomes a reason to reject the guidance they bring. The closing affirmation of divine independence challenges the assumption that rejection diminishes the One who sent them.",
    "Denial of resurrection is answered with a firm affirmation and the disclosure of deeds. The coming return is connected to responsibility for what was done. The verse offers no calendar date for that gathering.",
    "Revelation is described as light alongside faith in Allah and the messenger. The image suggests direction and clarity within the chapter’s argument. It does not require a literal glowing object or a depiction of divine presence.",
    "The gathering reveals the true scale of loss and gain. Pickthall uses mutual disillusion, while the chapter title is commonly rendered through loss and gain. Forgiveness and lasting gardens redefine success beyond immediate possessions.",
    "The contrasting outcome concerns rejection of the signs. Read it beside the preceding promise, which joins faith with good action. The chapter presents consequence as part of its appeal to take guidance seriously.",
    "The verse considers calamity within divine permission and speaks of a guided heart. It offers an inward response to adversity. It does not identify the cause of a particular disaster or invite blame toward those who suffer.",
    "Obedience is requested, while the messenger’s duty is described as clear communication. The distinction matters: delivering guidance does not make another person’s response automatic. The verse returns attention to the hearer’s responsibility.",
    "Trust follows the affirmation that there is no God but Allah. Within the sequence about adversity and response, it names the direction of reliance. Trust is then tested in the ordinary attachments described next.",
    "The wording warns that some family members can obstruct faith, then explicitly encourages pardon and forgiveness. Both parts belong together. The verse calls for discernment and mercy within difficult relationships, rather than hostility toward family life.",
    "Wealth and children are described as a test. Their power to hold attention can reveal priorities, generosity and restraint. The comparison with immense reward asks how cherished attachments are held, not whether affection itself must disappear.",
    "Duty is related to capacity, then expressed through listening, obedience and spending. Success includes being protected from one’s own greed. The passage makes the challenge personal: the obstacle may be within the self as well as outside it.",
    "A goodly loan describes giving in relation to divine reward and forgiveness. The image dignifies generosity without suggesting that Allah has material need. Responsive and Clement close the verse with recognition and forbearance.",
    "The ending returns to knowledge of the hidden and visible, alongside might and wisdom. It recalls the opening’s encompassing perspective. Family choices, financial decisions and inner motives remain within that larger horizon."
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "start": 1,
      "end": 4,
      "title": "Creation and the hearts it holds",
      "summary": "Praise, purposeful creation and knowledge of the hidden place human choices within a wide horizon.",
      "reflection": "How does attention to your motives change the way you evaluate an outwardly good action?"
    },
    {
      "start": 5,
      "end": 10,
      "title": "The gathering that reveals loss and gain",
      "summary": "Earlier rejection and the promise of resurrection challenge familiar measures of success.",
      "reflection": "Which kind of gain would still matter if applause and possessions were taken away?"
    },
    {
      "start": 11,
      "end": 18,
      "title": "Trust, family and an open hand",
      "summary": "Hardship, forgiveness, capacity and generosity bring the chapter’s perspective into daily relationships.",
      "reflection": "Where might forgiveness or generosity loosen a grip that has become too tight?"
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "title": "622–632 CE · Madinan classification",
      "year": 622,
      "endYear": 632,
      "body": "This broad range follows the chapter page’s Madinan classification. Ibn Kathir also records a Makkan possibility. The dates identify a period framework, not a settled year for the whole chapter.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/1/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "Migration context · a reported family obstacle",
      "year": null,
      "body": "A report attributed to Ibn Abbas connects verse 14 with family members discouraging migration. The consulted Tirmidhi page grades that report weak; it is not used to fix a revelation year.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3317"
    },
    {
      "title": "Earlier peoples · an undated reminder",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verses 5–6 recall rejection of human messengers and its consequences. The chapter does not name those communities or place their events on a calendar.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Day of Assembling · true loss and gain",
      "year": null,
      "body": "Verse 9 names the gathering that discloses lasting outcomes. This is the chapter’s future horizon, not a historical date or a prediction derived from contemporary events.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "madinah",
      "name": "Madinah · the displayed classification",
      "body": "Quran.com labels the chapter Madinan, while the cited Ibn Kathir introduction preserves another view. This city marker indicates the displayed period classification, without identifying an exact revelation site.",
      "lat": 24.4672,
      "lon": 39.6111,
      "source": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/info",
      "image": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "family",
      "name": "The family home · no named household",
      "body": "Verses 14–16 discuss family ties, forgiveness and the test of possessions. They name no house or individuals. The imagined scene focuses on ordinary relationships and generosity rather than a verified household portrait.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm",
      "image": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "gathering",
      "name": "The gathering and gardens · beyond the map",
      "body": "The Day of Assembling and promised gardens belong to the Hereafter. The chapter gives no earthly location for them; the landscape is a symbolic response to loss, gain and hope.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm",
      "image": 1
    }
  ],
  "people": [
    {
      "id": "humanity",
      "title": "Humanity · one creation, differing responses",
      "body": "The opening speaks to people created and seen by Allah, then distinguishes belief and rejection. The emphasis remains the responsibility of response, rather than an invitation to claim access to another person’s hidden motives.",
      "verse": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "messengers",
      "title": "The messengers · dismissed as merely human",
      "body": "Earlier communities questioned receiving guidance from human messengers. The chapter supplies no list of names here; the objection is recalled as an example of how a message may be dismissed.",
      "verse": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "family",
      "title": "Spouses and children · discernment with forgiveness",
      "body": "The warning concerns those who become obstacles, and the same verse calls for pardon. Reading both parts keeps the chapter’s concern for faith together with its explicit encouragement of mercy.",
      "verse": 14
    },
    {
      "id": "ibn-abbas",
      "title": "Ibn Abbas · a reported migration explanation",
      "body": "A narration attributed to Ibn Abbas links the family warning with delayed migration. Its consulted Tirmidhi page marks it weak, so it is presented as a reported context rather than certain chronology.",
      "url": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3317",
      "label": "Read the report and grading"
    }
  ],
  "history": [
    {
      "title": "More than one revelation classification",
      "body": "The Quran.com introduction adopts a Madinan setting, while the cited Ibn Kathir page states that the chapter was revealed in Madinah or Makkah. This reader preserves that qualification rather than claiming unanimous dating.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/1/tafsirs/en-tafisr-ibn-kathir"
    },
    {
      "title": "The migration account and its limits",
      "body": "Tirmidhi 3317 reports family pressure against migration, but the consulted page grades the narration weak. It gives context worth identifying without establishing an exact event date or a complete history of every family mentioned.",
      "source": "https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3317"
    },
    {
      "title": "Forgiveness belongs to the family warning",
      "body": "Ma’arif al-Qur’an emphasizes the instruction to treat relatives with pardon and gentleness despite obstruction. The reader keeps that qualification visible so that the warning is not separated from its call to mercy.",
      "source": "https://quran.com/at-taghabun/14/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran"
    },
    {
      "title": "Loss and gain as a change of scale",
      "body": "The chapter places lasting reward beside temporary possessions, and generosity beside the struggle with greed. Its title is understood through that contrast, not as a promise of financial profit from religious observance.",
      "source": "https://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/064.htm"
    }
  ],
  "revelationNote": "Commonly presented as Madinan; the cited Ibn Kathir introduction also records a Makkan possibility. The 622–632 CE range follows the Madinan framework only. The reported migration occasion is qualified by the consulted source’s weak grading."
}